... source, human work in grammar writing and machine work in parsing can be reduced significantly. (2) Obtaining the result immediately without parsing. In some simple cases, using several replacement ... we will examine several common categories of production, point out basic operations often used in them, and finally, establish and implement a formalism for specifying and doing production. ... structure, eg regrouping homograph entries into polysemous ones. (5) Chaining, eg two bilingual dictionaries A-B and B-C to obtain a trilingual A-B-C. (6) Paralleling, eg an English-French...