... REDUCINGORAVOIDINGGHGEMISSIONSTHROUGHLAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICESLand management describeshowwemanage and useland to provideopenspace and habitat,food,naturalresources, and placesforpeople to live,work, and recreate.EPApromotesintegratedland management strategiesthatuselandasproductively and sustainablyaspossiblebypromotingsmartgrowth,preventing and minimizingtheoccurrence of contamination and bycleaningup,reusing, and restoringcontaminatedlandforbeneficialreusebycommunities.67AsdescribedinBox7,land management hasthreekeycomponents:landprotection,sustainablelanduse, and landrevitalization.Similar to thematerials management approachesthatcanbeusedinthematerialflow,land management approachescanbeused to reduceGHGemissionsbyimprovingpracticeswithinoracrosseach of thesecomponents.Landprotectionpracticeslimithowmuchlandiscontaminatedeachyear.Whenlandiscontaminated,itshouldbecleanedup to levelsprotective of humanhealth and theenvironment.Land ... REDUCINGORAVOIDINGGHGEMISSIONSTHROUGHLAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICESLand management describeshowwemanage and useland to provideopenspace and habitat,food,naturalresources, and placesforpeople to live,work, and recreate.EPApromotesintegratedland management strategiesthatuselandasproductively and sustainablyaspossiblebypromotingsmartgrowth,preventing and minimizingtheoccurrence of contamination and bycleaningup,reusing, and restoringcontaminatedlandforbeneficialreusebycommunities.67AsdescribedinBox7,land management hasthreekeycomponents:landprotection,sustainablelanduse, and landrevitalization.Similar to thematerials management approachesthatcanbeusedinthematerialflow,land management approachescanbeused to reduceGHGemissionsbyimprovingpracticeswithinoracrosseach of thesecomponents.Landprotectionpracticeslimithowmuchlandiscontaminatedeachyear.Whenlandiscontaminated,itshouldbecleanedup to levelsprotective of humanhealth and theenvironment.Land ... September2009because of thelaborrequired to collect,sort, and processtherecyclables.30Recycling,reuse,deconstruction, and remanufacturingshiftthevalueaddedintheeconomyfromhighlymechanized,environmentallyharmfulextractionindustries, to labor‐intensive,localindustries.31,32Land management options to reduceemissionsalsohavemanyco‐benefits. A number of studieshaveshownsubstantialbeneficialeffects of brownfieldsredevelopmentforlocalcommunities,includingjobcreation,increasedpropertyvalues,taxrevenuesforlocalgovernments,preservation of greenspace, and socialbenefits.33,34Otherresearchhasshownthatbrownfieldsredevelopment,as a component of urbanredevelopment,reduceslocalvehiclemilestraveled and isassociatedwithlowerbuildingenergyuse,35both of whichlead to improvementsinurban air qualityinaddition to GHGreductions.Theco‐benefits to communities of materials and land management strategiesmakethemattractiveasGHGreductionoptions.UnlikemanyGHGmitigationoptions,theyarealsolargelyunderstate and localinfluence.States and communitiescanusethesetools to reducetheircarbonfootprints and meetstateorlocalGHGreductiontargets.Thepurpose of thisdocument,Opportunities to ReduceGreenhouseGasEmissionsthroughMaterials and Land Management Practices,is to increasetheunderstanding of howmaterials and land management practicesrelate to GHGemissions and show a newway of thinkingaboutmaterials and land management aspart of thesolution to theclimatechange.ThisdocumentpresentsEPA’sresearch to date.Aswedevelopprograms and policieswithourpartners,moredetailedstudiesthataccountforeconomic,technical, and institutionallimitations and opportunitieswillbeneeded.Inaddition,wewillshareinformationonthemitigationimpacts of currentmaterials and land management programsonGHGemissions and ultimatelydevelopmorespecificapproaches to implementmaterials and land management activitiesthatcouldachieveGHGemissionreductions.Theremainder of thisdocumentisorganizedintothefollowingsections.Section2presentsannualGHGemissionsintheUnitedStates using twoapproaches.Thesector‐basedapproachallocatesemissions to economicorend‐usesectorsincludingtheelectricpowerindustry,transportation,industry,agriculture,commercial, and residentialsectors.Thesystems‐basedapproachreliesonthesamedata,butapportionsemissions to materials management, land management, and othersystems to demonstratethepotentialimpactmaterials and land management haveontotalU.S.emissions.Section3presentsresearchintothepotentialGHGreductionsthatcouldbeachievedthrough a number of materials and land management approaches.Section4summarizesthereport and describesthedirectionthatfutureresearchmaytake.Finally,thedocumentappendix(TechnicalSupportforOpportunities to ReduceGreenhouseGasEmissionsthroughMaterials and Land Management Practices)presentsthedatasources and methodologyused to developthisreport....