... under-standing of the issues related to health literacy and health education materials, nurses can help design and usematerials that are at appropriate reading levels, written inclear and understandable ... readability of PEMs and other health informationhas been studied for a variety of healthcare conditions suchas mental health, 17,21oral health, 22cancer education, 23 and cardiovascular disorders,24but ... process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions’’ and is a critical m eans to reduce health disparities.A landmark study, the 2003 National...