... Broadcast (DAB) and
Digital Video Broadcast (DVB), are very interesting for wireless transmission of radio and
television stations as well as for audio- and video-on-demand and broadband transmission
of ... for
setting GSM standards for the last 18 years. Their remaining and further work has been
transferred to groups inside and outside ETSI; most of the ongoing work has been handed
over to the ... of,
and the mobile exchanges can be constructed with standard components.
In parallel to the standardization efforts of ETSI, already in 1987 the then existing prospec-
1.3 Some GSM History and...
... multiple of its original bandwidth. Typically, spreading factors are between 10 and
1000; they generate a broadband signal for transmission from the narrowband signal, and
this is less sensitive ... communication between mobile and base station,
the available frequency band is split into two partial bands, to enable simultaneous sending
and receiving. One partial band is assigned as uplink ... station) and the
other partial band is assigned as downlink (from base to mobile station):
² Uplink: transmission band of mobile station receiving band of base station
² Downlink: receiving band...
... called subsystems
in the GSM standard. The respective three subsystems are the Base Station Subsystem
(BSS),the Switchingand Management Subsystem (SMSS) ,and the Operation and Main-
tenance Subsystem ... authentication and user data encryp-
tion based on the subscriber identity IMSI and secret keys. Beyond that,the SIM can store
short messages and charging information ,and it has a telephone book function and ... Mobile Switching Network (MSS)
The Mobile Switchingand Management Subsystem (SMSS) consists of the mobile switch-
ing centers and the databases which store the data required for routing and service...
... the control and
modi®cation of extended services and are only usable in connection with a telecommuni-
cation service.
4
Figure 4.1: Bearer and teleservices
GSM Switching, Services and Protocols: ... network and processes them in a store -and- forward mode. The
interface has not been speci®ed and can be by DTMF signaling, special order, email, fax,
etc. The delivery can be time-shifted and is ... the GSM standard, the menu of services known from
ISDN is being made available in stages [7] and supplemented by some new GSM-speci®c
performance characteristics. In Phase 2, which was standardized...
...
frame, and places a frame on Ethernet 2 (data link). Host 2 receives bits (physical) from the
Ethernet cable and converts the bits into a frame (data link). Then, the IP protocol is examined
and ... hex to binary and then binary to decimal.
Binary Numbers
The binary number system uses two digits: 1 and 0. Binary numbers are primarily used by
computer systems. IP addresses and MAC addresses ... shown as binary or in dotted decimal
format. Some show commands have output information in hexadecimal or binary formats. As
a CCIE candidate, you must be prepared.
Router 1
Serial Link
Host...
... helps
standardize the design and construction of the networks for developers and hardware
manufacturers, and also helps network engineers and analysts with a framework for the
understanding ... general
networking theory, bridging and LAN switching, LAN and WAN media, IP theory, IP routing
protocols, performance and traffic management, security, and multiservice.
CCIE C&S
The ... replaces the CCIE WAN Switchingand CCIE Internet service
provider (ISP)-Dial certification. The CCIE C&S candidate must pass a two-hour written
qualification test and a hands-on one-day lab...
... always assigned and used
with a TCH or an SDCCH. The SACCH carries information for the optimal radio
operation, e.g. commands for synchronization and transmitter power control and reports
on channel ... receives
RFCH 15±50 and 83±103, in which case RFCH 1, 14, 51, 82, 104, 105, and 121±124 are
left unused as additional guard bands.
Each of the 200 kHz channels is divided into eight time slots and thus ... and BSS to a new situation if necessary. Thereafter, the measurement data
and the result of the power control activity are supplied to the handover process, which can
then decide whether a handover...
... can calculate a set of (RAND, SRES) 2-
tuples in advance, store them in the HLR, and send them on demand to the requesting
VLR. The VLR stores this set (RAND[n], SRES[n]) and uses a new 2-tuple ... traf®c on the radio channel. On
one hand this should ensure the con®dentiality of user data and signaling traf®c, on the
other hand it should also prevent localizing and tracking of a mobile station. ... (e.g. a handover command), the current
data block n is replaced by the convolutional coded FACCH message, and it is interleaved
in a block-diagonal way with the data blocks (n 2 1) and (n 1 1)...
... the handover procedure, which is also initiated only
from the network side and, for example, becomes necessary if the current cell is left. In
contrast to assignment command,ahandover command ... BSIC and BCCH
frequency), the procedure variant to establish a physical channel (asynchronous or
synchronous handover, Figure 7.24), and a handover reference number.
Having received a handover ... de®ned between MS and BSS, more exactly between MS and
BTS. Within the BSS, the BTS and the BSC cooperate over the Abis interface, whereas the
A interface is located between BSC and MSC. The MSC...
... of the handover and
through transferring the handover decision to the BSS. The GSM handover is thus a
network-originated handover as opposed to a mobile-originated handover, where the
handover ... three categories:
² Handover because of more favorable path loss conditions
² Mandatory intercell handover
² Mandatory intracell handover
8.4 Handover
199
has only received and stored the current ... complete handover decision algorithm in the MSC.
8.4.4 MAP and Inter-MSC Handover
The most general form of handover is the inter-MSC handover. The mobile station moves
over a cell boundary and enters...
... a network transition
switching unit and carried as a voiceband signal in the PSTN to the analog terminal.
After these introductory remarks, the GSM data and teleservices and their realization ... activates an appropriate modem function and
converts the digital data signals into an analog voiceband signal. The IWF digitizes this
voiceband signal again and passes the data on in PCM-coded format ... MT1 to the standard ISDN (RA1, RA2), and then converted in MT1 over
RA2, RA1, and RA1
0
to the channel bit rate at the air interface. Provided with an FEC, the
data is transmitted and then converted...