... the holy land, For more than four thousand.years the peoples of theMiddleEast have fought each other for A HOLY LAND Both Arabs and J ews claim to be the rightful owners of the holy land They ... Egyptians and swept them out of the Negev desert At the end of October they attacked the Lebanese in the north and drove them back into Lebanon By the end of 948 the Arab armies had abandoned the ... in other words, to attack the Arabs before they could attack Israel, in the hope of taking them by surprise The results of the war The war had important results for the whole of theMiddle East...
... with the support and guidance of their parents and in line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child.” (paragraph 6.15) Delegations from the MENA region (and Muslim countries outside the ... within the context in which they live This report looks at young people across the MENA region andthe challenges they face in their transition to adulthood, specifically their sexual and reproductive ... pressuring their judicial system to reform laws to give women the right to transfer their nationality to their children when the father is a foreigner Tunis and Turkey are the only countries in the...
... Productivity: MENA Countries and Comparators The Firm and Its Investment Climate The Firm and Its Investment Climate: Rules and Policies andthe Institutions That Implement Them Overall, the Business Environment ... Countries The Lasting Influence of the Business Elite andthe Lack of Dynamism and Competition in the Private Sector Most MENA Economies Are Private Sector Based, 2005 and Previous Decades MiddleEast ... ideas and recommendations for policymakers, the private sector, and civil society in the MENA region and beyond, and it will generate debates and discussions to help the private sector to grow and...
... comparisons with other aggregates, such as theMiddleEastand North Africa’ or theMiddleEast as used by other agencies including the United Nations andthe World Bank If theMiddleEast is clearly—as ... NAMES The Arabic language is used over a vast area Though the written language andthe script are standard throughout theMiddle East, the spoken language and also the pronunciation of the written ... in the UAE Located on the offshore island of the same name, the Emirate of Abu A political and economic dictionary of themiddleeast Dhabi was founded by members of the Ahl bu Falah clan of the...
... ahead, is the region ready to meet the challenges of the knowledge economy, the emerging youth bulge, andthe growing financial constraints on expanding education? If the answer to the first ... secondary and then higher education Nor was it often in response to growing demand andthe emergence of new and dynamic sectors In the Arab Republic of Egypt, for example, the expansion of secondary and ... Tuluy, and Jonathan Walters The team is also grateful to the participants in the consultative workshops held in the region to discuss the concept note (in Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco), as well as the...
... and infant health and survival by reducing the number of unplanned pregnancies Reducing the number of deliveries and increasing the time between births help save the lives of both women and their ... Health in theMiddleEastand North Africa: 57 25 Aoyama, Reproductive Health in theMiddleEastand North Africa: 57 26 Aoyama, Reproductive Health in theMiddleEastand North Africa: 61 27 United ... relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability...
... the World Trade Center andthe Pentagon, the suppression of terrorism rose to the fore of U.S concerns in theMiddleEast Al Qaeda and other radical Islamist groups draw heavily on the Arab and ... “Democracy and U.S Policy in theMiddle East, ” MiddleEast Policy, Vol 5, No 1, January 1997, p 59 6 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast In the wake of September 11, the U.S public ... national interests in the region andthe potential threats to those interests U.S INTERESTS IN THEMIDDLEEASTThe United States has many vital and enduring interests in theMiddleEast Six important...
... visited the region, with the exception of the Holy Land and Egypt, and there were few commercial or other relations By the end of the nineteenth century, with the expansion of missionary activity and, ... plans for theMiddle East, which, they believed, held the secrets of the origin of Western civilization To decipher these, they introduced new, more sophisticated techniques They considered themselves ... the national domain lay the remains of the ancestors, and it became the responsibility of archaeology to establish links between the past andthe present, to provide the evidence to support the...
... public health and research activities We then summarize the challenges WCMC-Q faces andthe opportunities it provides to its faculty and their collaborators Documenting our experience andthe lessons ... continuous interaction among the faculty delivering the courses, andthe students have the opportunity to better appreciate the unifying themes and concepts lying behind the nominally distinct sciences ... of the article MA conceptualized and wrote the premedical education component of the manuscript MHA and AMA - provided ideas and discussions on the history of Qatar, Qatar Foundation and the...
... public health and research activities We then summarize the challenges WCMC-Q faces andthe opportunities it provides to its faculty and their collaborators Documenting our experience andthe lessons ... continuous interaction among the faculty delivering the courses, andthe students have the opportunity to better appreciate the unifying themes and concepts lying behind the nominally distinct sciences ... of the article MA conceptualized and wrote the premedical education component of the manuscript MHA and AMA - provided ideas and discussions on the history of Qatar, Qatar Foundation and the...
... male-owned firms and in only a few countries and sectors More striking is the gap between firm-level responses in theMiddleEastand those in other regions Firms in theMiddleEastand North Africa ... verifies the hypothesis that the rows andthe columns in a two-way table are independent The hypothesis tested is that there is no relationship between the gender of the enterprises’ owners and their ... identified by the Enterprise Survey data are compared with the perceptions of firms in other comparable middle- income regions— East Asia andthe Pacific, Latin America andthe Caribbean, and Eastern...
... the World Trade Center andthe Pentagon, the suppression of terrorism rose to the fore of U.S concerns in theMiddleEast Al Qaeda and other radical Islamist groups draw heavily on the Arab and ... “Democracy and U.S Policy in theMiddle East, ” MiddleEast Policy, Vol 5, No 1, January 1997, p 59 6 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast In the wake of September 11, the U.S public ... national interests in the region andthe potential threats to those interests U.S INTERESTS IN THEMIDDLEEASTThe United States has many vital and enduring interests in theMiddleEast Six important...
... in theMiddleEast 27 and to a lesser extent in Kuwait, have increased the powers of the legislature while distancing themselves from the day-to-day operations of the government The king is then ... 1, 1995, p 20 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast PRESSURES FOR POLITICAL REFORM IN THEMIDDLEEAST Most Middle Eastern states suffer from a range of economic and social problems, ... that fall under their jurisdiction Middle Eastern legislatures vary in their ability to influence policy, with Iran near the high end of the spectrum and Egypt near the low end, but they all face...
... price andthe opportunity cost of production For a further discussion in theMiddle Eastern context, see Alan Richards and John Waterbury, A Political Economy of theMiddle East, Boulder, Colo., and ... incomes and welfare Although the overall impression of both “oil boom” and “oil bust” is valid, there are reasons for skepticism about both the speed of the boom andthe depth of the bust There ... compare the stars of economic development, theEast Asians, with Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries The World Bank undertook the methodologically standard comparison of growth of the...
... in theMiddleEastThe gap between imports and exports was $1.7 billion in 1988, $1 billion in 1989, $1.5 billion in 1990, and $1.4 billion in 1991 Despite further reform after the Gulf War, the ... stands at 25 to 30 percent, and 30 percent of the population lives below the national poverty line Jordan shows the limits of even strong reform efforts in the face of the “youth bulge” andthe ... 106 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast decree of the president can be overturned by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei Further, the bonyad are explicitly excluded from the...
... trace the genesis of the Special Republican Guard to these reforms (others to the early 1990s after the Kuwait war) On the command changes and reforms see Cordesman and Wagner, 1991, pp 52–63; and ... chemical, and nuclear weapons, andthe delivery systems that support them This is especially true for the use of these weapons at the strategic level These weapons heighten the regional and international ... defenses on the eve of the June 1967 Arab-Israeli war, when a long-standing feud between the air force andthe artillery over command and control procedures for antiaircraft guns and missiles...
... 1914–1918, and again from 1939–1945 Energy andMiddle Eastern Security 201 Eastand West Cold War strategic concerns about theMiddleEast focused in part on the potential for proxy wars and escalation, ... shaping conflict in the Gulf andthe rationale for Western intervention See Lesser, 1991 202 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast turmoil in theMiddle East, these considerations ... regional, and extraregional implications for Middle Eastern security They can affect the stability of regimes and their national power and potential Energy resources and transport routes can be the...
... spanning the eastern Mediterranean, bringing supplies from Egypt (and possibly Qatar) up the coast of the Levant to Israel, Turkey, and southeastern Europe Constraints in relations with Israel are the ... in the region, andthe spread of images from the West are challenging many long-held ideas and transforming the politics of theMiddleEast These changes are likely to complicate U.S policy and ... political and security risks, will nonetheless remain a factor, and could affect the internal stability of regimes andthe policies of extraregional powers toward theMiddleEast Second, the increasing...
... destruction (WMD) andthe means for their delivery at longer ranges has been an important part of the debate about security in theMiddleEast since at least the 1970s The 1991 Gulf War brought these concerns ... happening 248 The Future Security Environment in theMiddleEast “on the street,” actively obtaining and translating handbills and pamphlets, understanding what is rented in video stores, and closely ... borders At the other end of the spectrum, the governments of poorer and more populous states face new challenges They lack the ability to coopt their citizens through money, and as they lose control...