... FTIR spectra of (a) CS, (b) CS/SDS nanoparticles and (c) SDS Scheme 5.1 Proposed CS and SDS interaction Figure 5.3 Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve of (a) CS, (b) CS/SDS nanoparticles and ... porous surfaces CS was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to form nano-particles This modification facilitated the dispersion and dissolution of CS in common organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ... VII LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of a membrane separation process Figure 2.2 Structures of various membrane cross-sections Figure 2.3 Cross-section of a typical asymmetric...
... (PV) Separation of azeotropic liquid mixtures processes, gas separation (GS) is used mainly for separation of gaseous mixtures such as O2/N2 separation and removal of H 2S from natural gas etc ... colloids from solutions Removal of hardness (di-valent cations and anions) from solutions Ultrafiltration (UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Separation of monovalent cations and anions and ... mixture of gases/vapours, miscible liquids (organic mixtures and aqueous/organic mixtures), solid/liquid, liquid/liquid dispersions and dissolved solutes from liquids [11] A more common classification...
... roughness parameters such as Ra, Rms, Rmax and dimensions of nodule size in both x and y directions As shown in Table 2.4, the nodule sizes in both directions decrease while the roughness parameters ... analysis of AFM pictures was carried out according to the previous literature [74 , 75 ] Various roughness parameters such as the mean roughness (Ra), root mean square of Z values (Rms), and maximum ... overall porosities indicates the suppression of macrovoids formation with an increase in take-up speed, which was extensively discussed in our previous studies [73 , 78 ] Figure 2.3 Morphology of Torlon®...
... fiber asymmetric membranes were successfully demonstrated for gas separation The membrane plasticization caused by CO2 was also studied and its effects were significantly suppressed by surface ... commercialization of gas separation membranes is the discovery of integrally skinned asymmetric membranes for reverse osmosis process by Loeb and Sourirajan in 1960 (Loeb and Sourirajan, 1964; Matsuura, ... precipitates on a substrate, which was strong enough to withstand operation pressures He also first introduced the concept of osmotic pressure and demonstrated the semi-permeability of the copper...
... associated with this system is the stripping of substrate and subsequent recovery of the NAP The solvent stripping in dispersive system is usually achieved by distillation which again limits ... choice of solvents to volatile solvents whose vapor pressures should be largely different from those of the substrates (Reis et al., 20 07) It also necessitates the refining of the substrate Moreover, ... be easily separated Apart from polymer capsules, this system also includes solid adsorbents and Solvent Impregnated Resins (SIR) The recovery of the substrate as well as regeneration of the solid...
... Osmosis Dialysis Nonporous Pressure difference Solution diffusion mechanism Separation of salts and microsolutes from solutions Separation of salts Microporous membrane Concentration or Diffusion ... R3 Pore R1 = resistance of the skin layer (=Rskin) R2 = resistance of the pores in the substrate R3 = resistance of the polymer matrix in the substrate Rsub = resistance of the substrate [=R2R3/(R2+R3)] ... heat-sensitive mixtures Azeotropic mixtures separation requires special processes such as rectification with entrainer because the same composition at both liquid and vapor phases is not easy to separated...
... achieved by the use of surface aerators, coarse-bubble systems, and fine-bubble systems (Stenstrom and Rosso 2008) However, the use of mechanical aeration in activated sludge process results in high ... larvae of many species such as mollusks, 17 crustaceans and fish The most frequently used species in aquaculture are Chlorella, Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, Pavlova, Phaeodactylum, Chaetoceros, Nannochloropsis, ... Nannochloropsis, Skeletonema and Thalassiosira (Apt and Behrens 1999; Spolaore et al 2006; Yamaguchi 1996) Microalgal biomass is also proven its suitability as feed supplement for many types of animals such...
... or reverse osmosis (RO) process have been evaluated by several research groups [22-26] Positive results were reported by these papers [ 27] The comparison between MD and RO processes showed higher ... C) and D): VMD permeation fluxes of MBF3 and SBF membranes based on inner and outer surface of the fibres 130 Figure 6.6 The cross-section and inner surface morphologies of MBF membranes spun ... originally designed for the purpose of desalination Subsequently, the study of MD process for seawater and brackish water desalination attracts the most interest from both academic and industry [ 17] Although...
... impressed me very much I would also like to express my special thanks to Ms Frances Lim for her technical assistance and suggestions Appreciation is also addressed to the staff in the Chemistry Store ... [78 ] T.G Halvorsen, S Pedersen-Bjergaard, K.E Rasmussen, J Chromatogr A, 909 (2001) 87 [79 ] T .S Ho, S Pedersen-Bjergaard, K.E Rasmussen, Analyst, 1 27 (2002) 608 36 [80] S Andersen, T.G Halvorsen, ... (19 47) 950 [124] C.R Rao, J R Statist Soc., Suppl., (19 47) 128 [125] R.C Bose, Sankhya, (19 47) 1 07 [126] G Taguchi, System of Experimental Design, Kraus, New York, Vols and 2, 19 87 [1 27] P.J Ross,...
... pressure (TMP) difference (ΔP): reverse osmosis (RO), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and forward osmosis (FO) Fig 1.1 illustrates the differences of the three processes The main advantages of ... pore size, and pore size distribution 21 2 .7 FO tests 23 2.8 PRO performance tests 24 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 FO membrane experiment result and discussion 26 26 3.1.1 Fabrication of ... development of nanocomposite materials It can improve Youngsmodulus as much as 70 %, tensile strength 30%, and dimensional stability [51] POSS has been employed as an additive for gas separation and...
... CHAPTER RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 73 Introduction 73 Research Questions 73 Hypotheses 74 Variables 75 Analytical Techniques 75 Descriptive Statistics 77 Test of Hypotheses One 75 Test of Hypotheses Two ... most other types of businesses [and] the industry has the worst financial performance of any … major business sector” (p 2) Although the industry has seen some profitable years, the industry as ... grants and exercise prices, CEO age and tenure and CEO shareholdings were used as measures of CEO compensation while ROE was adapted as a measure of firm performance The results of the analysis of...
... average Page Size User walk-away happens when response time grows too long Microsoft suggests a good rule of thumb is that pages serve up in less than seconds Large pages tend to be slow to serve up ... WAST to develop loading scenarios and then analyze the throughput costs Web Application Stress Tool (WAST) WAST allows you to stress test You record scripts that make requests and build a list ... site s bandwidth requirements After you have a clear estimate of site usage, build a test bed that parallels the actual usage scenario (s) Use the MCMS TCA and the WAST to stress test your test...
... system processes Non-paged kernel memory can be used by applications when necessary System provides totals for the number of handles, threads, and processes currently running A process is a single ... Sleep is a feature in Windows Vista, supplanting the Standby feature of previous Windows OS versions In the past, Standby didn’t always work well and computers were slow to come out of standby ... in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, this document...
... the past two years Besides, less positive outlook and deteriorating business performance of the majority of businesses made shares of these firms also became less attractive to investors Just because ... TD-ROA Test cross-section random effects Test Summary Chi-Sq Statistic Cross-section random 2. 276 603 Chi-Sq d.f.Prob 0.5 170 Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: LTD-ROA Test cross-section ... TD-Tobin s Q Test cross-section random effects Test Summary Cross-section random Chi-Sq StatisticChi-Sq d.f 9.552195 Prob 0.0228 Chi-Sq StatisticChi-Sq d.f Prob Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test...
... Vietnamese standards for ground water TCVN 5944 –1995 (see table 3) The results of the analyses of the surface water samples were compared to the Vietnamese standards for the use of surface water ... soil-conditions Here, the study site An Binh is characterized by alluvial clay soils, whereas the study site Hoa An is burdened by acid sulphate soils This leads to different cropping systems and also to ... canals Usually the domestic waste water and waste water from the animal husbandries are discharged into the rivers, canals or ponds (see figure 2) Besides the general similarities of the two study...