x ray and neutron diffraction approaches to the structural analysis of protein lipid interactions
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx
... part of the BESSY software tools for the design and optimization of new monochromators and beamlines from the infrared spectral region to the hard X- ray range The interplay of the software tools ... Table 2.1 Parameters of the RAY- sources Name Width Height x y Matrix Point MA PO Hard Hard soft Hard Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Hard Hard soft Hard Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Length z Hard ... problems The intention of this brief introduction is to give a flavour of the state -of -the- art in X- ray and neutron optics as well as an indication of future trends 1.1 X- Ray Optics There is a...
- 40
- 246
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx
... Moreover, exceedingly intense beams lead to saturation or even damage of the detectors The use of small pinholes leads to the reduction of the total 44 J F¨zi u flux that reaches the detector below ... point (x, y) with respect to the same axis (Fig 3.1): x = x0 + x = x0 + l tan x y = y0 + Δy = y0 + l tan δy (3.1) The speed components with respect to the reference axis are connected to the ... the pinhole radius r, parallax error, the detector pixel size and the quality-filtering limit, ε, defined as the accepted error of the sum of the delay times in the two senses with respect to the...
- 40
- 240
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc
... coordinates of the electron trajectory; xe , ye are the trajectory angles (or the transverse components of the relative velocity vector β); and ze0 is the initial longitudinal position of the electron The ... fourth order power series of the initial coordinates and angles and using these expansions the square root of the inverse of the determinant can be expanded with respect to the same variables In ... U (x, y) is the complex amplitude of the electric field E (x, y) which changes slowly along the optical axis 0X ε is the dielectric constant of the materials, and as usual the refractive index n...
- 40
- 394
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx
... Waveguide We extended the same formalism to the analysis of the field at the entrance aperture of the waveguide In the following, the origin of the y coordinate is in the middle of the gap d, and the cladding ... asymptotically as a sum of two terms M1 (x, y) ≈ ky π 2x exp i −i πk 2x M2 (x, y) ≈ π 2x θ2 exp ik(θc y − c x) + i πk θc x2 − y , (6.21) θc x( θc x − y) The first one, M1 (x, y), is a correction to ... flux density at the guide exit is multiplied by a factor of four at the expense of an increased beam divergence One drawback of such a device is that the beam quickly expands after the exit of the...
- 40
- 328
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc
... on the angle of the beam pair with respect to the optic axis, or on the phase difference between the two beams, produced by the local angle of reflection of the SUT Therefore, the position of the ... where δ and σ are the bandwidth limited values of the rms values of the slope error (δ) and the roughness (σ) given by [2] 1/W δ = (2π) dfx S1 (fx )fx (9.4) 1/L and 1/λ σ2 = dfx S1 (fx ) (9.5) ... qmh are the elements of the matrix Q constructed from the eigenvectors This ansatz involves finding the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the complex general matrix M, which contains up to 101...
- 40
- 245
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx
... order to characterize the surface figure errors of the optics used to focus or collimate the Xray beams, to align them on the beam lines and to perform diagnostics of the beam spatial profile To answer ... centers of interest: high resolution X- ray imaging on the one hand, and improvement of the spatial quality of collimated X- ray beams on the other hand Applications are, for example, EUV photolithography, ... led to the development of X- ray Hartmann wavefront sensors to measure and control the spatial quality of X- ray beams Compared to interferometric tools, these sensors have better flexibility and can...
- 40
- 345
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc
... structure is often a poorly detailed approximation of the real one On the other hand, the application of PPM to the analysis of XRR data returns very detailed fits and a realistic description of the multilayer ... general and in high energy X- ray microscopy in particular 17.2 X- Ray Microscopy The history of X- ray microscopy goes back to 1896, the year following the discovery of X- rays by Roentgen The method ... Interpretation of X- Ray Reflectivity Data Although the analysis of XRR curves is a widespread tool, their exact interpretation is a complex problem Because of the sensitive dependence of XRR measurements...
- 40
- 311
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc
... effect of internal total reflection leads to the transport of visible light The refraction index for X- rays depends on the wavelength and on the energy of the X- ray photons, so that the following simplified ... of a fossil snail Fig 18.9 XRF spectrum of the stone sample Another example for the application of micro-XRF is the analysis of a stone with an included fossil snail This stone was found on the ... Due to the radiation transport through the capillary, an exit beam is formed with the diameter of the capillary and a divergence of the order of magnitude of the critical angle of total external...
- 40
- 266
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx
... area The ratio of the number of photons gathered inside the central peak to the number of photons blocked by the central support structure characterizes the MFO compared to the LE design The ratio ... view of different transmission devices for the focusing of X- rays with the trajectory along the x- axis In the symmetric bi-concave parabolic lens in (a) the radius of curvature on the optical axis ... stamping of the form into soft and low-absorbing but rapidly deteriorating lithium [10] Lithographic methods can easily achieve the tolerance for the X- ray lenses in the side walls of the masks and of...
- 40
- 278
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc
... lens By placing the detector and the motorized mirror in the focal plan, a variation of the position of the laser on the detector allows one to determine the radius of curvature The sample can ... case of X- rays, fits to the data using the program Parrat [16] enabled us to determine average values for the thickness and roughness of the two individual layers and one extra layer of a mixed ... a sample scan with the detector fixed at the first Bragg maximum Qz and Qx stand for the vertical and lateral (along the surface) components of the scattering vector (wave vector transfer), respectively...
- 40
- 225
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 11 docx
... saddle points If 0 x0 max,L = xmax,1 , xmax,2 , , xmax,m (25.16) is the point at which the first-order expansion of the first derivative of reflectivity has an extreme value, then the optimum film ... mirrors, making them considerably shorter and easier to handle When properly prepared, they conserve the properties, such as coherence, of the X- ray beam, and they can be tailored to specific applications ... is the distance from the focus of the parabola to its apex, and for a flat surface, s2 sin2 θ = , (25.4) p where s is the perpendicular distance from the surface to the source point To obtain the...
- 40
- 300
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps
... introduce the axes of the coordinates with the origin on the first wall, such that the X- ray beam is impinging at the origin on the first wall (Fig 26.5a) The axis of rotation of the monochromator also ... This index is defined by the material and structural properties of a Bragg reflector, and the depth of profile must be equal to the X- ray penetration depth in the multilayer, the so-called extinction ... space and rather small effective mosaicity of the BPCs However, in the case of TOF scattering devices, the BPC elements practically have not been used and with respect to the TOF techniques the...
- 40
- 269
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 13 doc
... and the spread of the literature values of the germanium lattice parameter used in the design of the geometry of the monochromator lead to an energy shift of monochromator bandpass relative to ... Second is the high efficiency of scattering by the surface acoustic waves, the amplitude of which is nearly comparable to the depth of the penetration of the evanescent X- ray wave of the order of 10 ... related to monochromator design and crystal optics in general The aim of work is to analyze the conditions for insertion of the crystal X- ray optics into the high flux primary beam of the synchrotron...
- 40
- 146
- 0
Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 14 pps
... size of the target body thickness is given by the penetration depth of the X- ray beam, which depends upon its photon energy and the surface incident angle 30.3.7 Dynamic Thermal Properties of Silicon ... equivalent to lattice misorientation The angle of incidence of the Bragg maximum is shifted by the surface slope angle projection, x , which is given by the tangent to the crystal lattice plane (or the ... monochromators, there is a deformation gradient from the surface to the bulk Qualitatively, the limit between dynamical theory for perfect and deformed crystals is the angular shift of the Bragg...
- 16
- 210
- 0
Báo cáo Y học: The unorthodox histidine kinases BvgS and EvgS are responsive to the oxidation status of a quinone electron carrier ppt
... Interestingly, the unorthodox ArcB protein shows a domain structure that is very similar to those of the BvgS and EvgS proteins, but it lacks the extensive periplasmic domain Because of to their striking structural ... activity To investigate whether other electron carriers abundant in the cell have an impact on the activity of the BvgS and EvgS proteins, we added up to mM FAD or mM NAD to the reaction mixtures ... mutant to the wild-type phenotype [32] Therefore, the function of the PAS domains of these proteins in quinone sensing remains obscure It is interesting to note that the PAS domain of the phosphorelay...
- 6
- 421
- 0
Báo cáo khóa học: Genetic approaches to the cellular functions of polyamines in mammals potx
... apoptosis and reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and cdk4 in the fore-stomach of the transgenic mice [133] The view that the reduced tumor incidence was related to ODC inhibition and not to direct ... directly to the polyamines – oxidative stress or inadequate synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in the absence of the polyamines – or, in the case of ODC deficiency, an excessive accumulation of ... SSAT The apparent synergism between the polymorphism of the ODC gene and the use of aspirin was proposed to be a combined result of an inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and an activation of their...
- 18
- 566
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Cholestatic jaundice, acute kidney injury and acute pancreatitis secondary to the recreational use of methandrostenolone: a case report" potx
... patient MP performed the histological examination of the liver biopsy and prepared the figure for the manuscript All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript and approved the final version ... prior to the onset of the pain, he had a gradual onset of anorexia and a 20 pound weight loss Our patient noticed darkly coloured urine and pale stools beginning around the time of the onset of ... contributions GR and AC were major contributors in writing the manuscript EY and PK analyzed and interpreted the patient data regarding the patient’s presentation and provided the clinical care of the patient...
- 5
- 274
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: "The epidemiology of severe sepsis in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1996 to 2004: secondary analysis of a high quality clinical" pps
... present an analysis of the changes in the epidemiology of severe sepsis presenting within 24 hours of admission to critical care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland The data cover the nine-year ... similar to that reported in other studies (47/100,000 in Norway [20], 54/100,000 in the Netherlands [26], 77/100,000 in Australia and New Zealand [27], and 75 to 119/100,000 in the USA [21]) The ... collectors according to precise rules and definitions, and are subject to both local and central validation before being pooled into the database The database includes physiology data from the...
- 10
- 340
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Two conserved domains in regulatory B subunits mediate binding to the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A pdf
... (1992) Expression of the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and characterization of its interactions with the catalytic and regulatory subunits J Biol Chem 267, 21864±21872 16 Wu, J., Tolstykh, ... were included in the pro®les The binding of the two conserved regions from B and PR72 to GST-A To test whether these two conserved regions of B subunits found in B/B55/CDC55 and PR72/B¢¢ family ... interaction for these important regulatory proteins EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Synthesis of [35S ]protein [35S]Methionine-labeled B subunits and their fragments, and SV40 small t antigen and its mutant...
- 7
- 550
- 0
Tìm thêm: xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25