why is there so much gold in the yukon
Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 1 ppsx
... supervisors tointervene before it is too late when a bank is in trouble. This wouldnot be possible if the information was disclosed by the supervisorsthemselves. In any case, there are intrinsic ... 14PART 1. WHY ARE THERE SO MANY BANKING CRISES? 19Chapter 1. Why Are there So Many Banking Crises?Jean-Charles Rochet 211.1 Introduction 211.2 The Sources of Banking Fragility 231.3 The Lender ... this question.17Most empirical studies of market disciplineindeed focus on market monitoring, i.e., indirect market discipline. The main question examined by this literature is: what is the...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 2 pdf
... mention why subordinated debt cansometimes be a good instrument for generating market discipline. Itcan indeed provide direct market discipline since the cost of issuingnew debt increases when the ... when the risk profile of the bank increases. Thus,if the bank is forced to issue subordinated debt on a regular basis, itwill have incentives not to take too much risk. But there is also indirectmarket ... which, in per capitaterms, is of the same order of magnitude as the total cost of the Savingsand Loan crisis in the United States. A similar situation occurred in Japan during the Jusen crisis in...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 3 pptx
... no-run equilibria also exist.We may therefore end up in an “always run” situation when disclosing(or increasing the precision of) the public signal while the economy is in the interior equilibrium ... respectively). In the first case the Goodfriend–King argument applies, while in the second case there is a specific rolefor the LLR policy. Thus we provide a theory of the LLR in crisis periodseven in the ... expectthis constraint to be more stringent in some countries than in others.This will indeed be the case owing to different roles of the bankingindustry, different costs of setting up a business,...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 4 doc
... discipline. Indeed, if the bank is forced by regulation to issue SD on a regular basis, it will haveincentives not to take too much risk since the cost of issuing new SDincreases when the risk ... again, the less efficient is bank supervision (the bigger is βS in this case), the more important is the role of the CB.If incentives for orderly closure are not provided, then separationof insolvent ... the screening constraint is binding, and if the optimal spread σ∗ is lowerthan the interbank spread σ(βS= 0), then the CB can improve upon the unsecured interbank market solution by lending...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 5 ppsx
... issue is the question of the credibility of limited centralbank involvement.7Interbank lending creates a “soft budget constraint”(SBC) when the borrowing bank is in distress and the lending ... the only way in which abank can obtain liquidity at the interim date t =12 is by borrowing fromother banks (or issuing new CDs). The maximum amount of cash that canbe raised in the way is ... “restrictedimpact of interbank monitoring,” in which the linkage from the borrowing bank’s liquidity shock to the lender’s outcome oper-ates solely through the continuation decision. That is, as in the autarky...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 7 ppsx
... existingsystems.It is then easy to see that the concept of intraday overdrafts is much too restrictive, as they represent only part of the risk banks are in ictingon the central bank; furthermore, ... failure costs. In exchange, the central bank musthave the means to monitor and intervene. The central bank is then the banks’ banker in the strongest sense of the word. Everything is as ifinterbank ... that the insolventbank is able to transfer to other banks through the payments system. In a diversified lending there is more diversification so that solventbanks exchange a larger fraction of their...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 8 potx
... 2. Therefore,Eu(K1) =u( y +à) dN(y) = U(à,);u being increasing, so is the mapping µ → u(µ + σy) (for all y), whichimplies that U is increasing in à; u being concave, so is the mapping(à, ... ContinentalIllinois debacle in 1984 and, to some extent, in arranging the private-sector rescue ofLong Term Capital Management.21 The failure of Barings in 1996 is an example of the crisis ... operating through the implicit subsidy generated by the interbank credit lines. This looseningof market discipline is the rationale for a more active role for monitoringand supervision with the...
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Why Are there So Many Banking Crises? The Politics and Policy of Bank Regulation phần 9 pps
... and the capital requirement is ineective. This case is completelyuninteresting. Therefore, we may assume that α, V−1ρ > 0.When the second constraint is binding, we have to distinguish ... shirking constraintbecomes binding. However, when γ/D is smaller than this threshold, there is a conflict of interest, even in the absence of mispriced depositinsurance. It is similar to the ... that the numerator of the ratio is adjusted to incorporate intermediationprofits on deposits, the capital ratio is an increasing function of the default risk. The trouble is that as soon as the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "THERE STILL IS GOLD IN THE DATABASE MINE" potx
... resulted in this panel, which is supposed to debate the necessity of continuing work in this area rather than to debate technical issues in the area. And yet if this problem has been solved, ... THERE STILL IS GOLD IN THE DATABASE MINE Madeleine Bates BBN Laboratories 10 Moulton Street Cambridge, MA 02238 Let me state clearly at the outset that I disagree with the premise that ... for all the Michigan doctors and Pennsylvania dentists, produced a list of all the people who were either doctors or dentists and who lived in either Michigan or Pennsylvania. This is the state...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Triple-Nucleoside Analog Antiretroviral Therapy: Is There Still a Role in Clinical Practice? A Review" docx
... seen in clinical trials comparing theset-NRTI regimens with EFV-containing ART, which is rec-ommended as a preferred initial option in combinationwith 2 NRTIs by the DHHS guidelines.[1] The ... of the boosted PI, LPV/r, combined with 2 NRTIs, is the other regimen recommended by the DHHS guidelinesas a preferred initial therapy.[1] In ACTG 5095, the overallrate of virologic success in ... little cross-resistance toother NRTIs.Nonthymidine-Containing ("TAM-Sparing") t-NRTI Regimens as Initial ARTClinical trials that have investigated the use of TDF as partof the NRTI backbone...
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báo cáo hóa học:" HIV prevention is not enough: child survival in the context of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission" potx
... borne by the young mothers withHIV who have to grapple with the terrible fear of transmit-ting HIV to their infants. A mother living in Soweto partic-ipating in an early infant diagnosis programme ... survival The HIV-exposed uninfected child living in environmentswhere HIV is the most prevalent is at risk for many dis-eases, not only HIV. We add to the jeopardy of this childby some of the interventions ... effectiveness of thisapproach was demonstrated in the MTCT-Plus pro-gramme in Cote d'Ivoire [8]. This is a win-win interven-tion that treats the mother while preventing transmission.It is important...
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PEOPLE DECISIONS Why They Matter So Much, Why They Are So Hard, and How You Can Master Them pot
... and then again when hemoved from advertising into the executive-search arena. In fact, he per-sonally introduced this profession into Europe, launching his firm with aunique vision, comprising ... overnight.For these reasons, most managers don’t learn much from their own expe-rience in making people decisions—unless they also get some formaltraining and education in the basic tools of the trade.While ... aslarge as the decision as to whether the company will remain in its current indus-try or move to another one. In the wake of some recent corporate scandals,some people today are inclined to devalue...
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Báo cáo y học: "The ITGAV rs3738919-C allele is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the European Caucasian population: a family-based study" docx
... [2].Previous studies have indicated that the risk of developing the disease in siblings of affected individuals is 2–17 times higherthan in the general population, suggesting the importance ofgenetic ... haplotype. In the same way, the chromosome 2 linkage suggestionobserved in the genome scan of our laboratory could not betotally explained by the findings of the ITGAV linkage; hence,with the overtransmission ... and linkage in sample 3 The trend for association of the C allele observed in sample 2was in the same direction as the significant associationobserved in sample 1, without reaching statistical...
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Báo cáo y học: "Asporin, a susceptibility gene in osteoarthritis, is expressed at higher levels in the more degenerate human intervertebral disc" ppsx
... laboratory has become interested in asporin in the humanintervertebral disc following the finding of Song et al. of anassociation of the ASPN D14 allele with disc degeneration in Asians [10]. Our ... showing immunolocalization of asporin in the humandisc. The objectives of the present study, therefore, were todetermine the localization patterns of asporin within the humanand sand rat intervertebral ... out a complete analysis of the localization of asporin in the aging/degenerating lumbar spineof the sand rat; we look forward to this future analysis.Conclusions In the discs of Caucasian subjects...
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Báo cáo y học: "Is vitamin D deficiency involved in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?" pptx
... exposure:pre-vitamin D is converted by solar ultraviolet B radiation in the skin into vitamin D. Skin pigmentation is a knownrisk factor for hypovitaminosis D since melanin, responsi-ble for the skin pigmentation, ... [46].Implication of the hypothesis There is an inter-relationship between vitamin D metabo-lism, HAART therapy and immunity. Impaired vitamin Dmetabolism in macrophages, whether caused by vitaminD deficiency ... [30-32].Food uptake is limited to vitamin D supplementation orconsumption of oily fish [31]. Vitamin D is transportedinto the blood by the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is converted in the liver by...
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