... International Language ELF Englishas a LinguaFranca ELT EnglishLanguage Teaching ESL Englishas a Second Language FLT Foreign Language Teaching MOET Ministry ofEducation and Training 10 SLA Second Language ... exclusively to native English- speaking cultures and there is no need, inthe teaching 38 of EIL, to base the content of teaching materials, the choice of teaching methodology, or the ideal teacher ... The advent of EIL has created a new wave inthe ocean ofEnglish pedagogy If inthe early half ofthe 20th century, such phrases as World Englishes (WEs) and EIL or ELF (English as a lingua franca) ...
... at the cinema (the cinema as a public place for seeing films) • It was very cold inthe cinema (the cinema as a building.) • Where are you? – Weare at the supermarket (the activity of shopping) ... (attending church service) (prisoner) inthe river / the lake / the sea / the at the seaside / at sea ocean at the top ofthe page / of + N 24 at the end ofthe road at the corner ofthe street inthe ... (Manchester) in (the ocean) on (the beach) in (the desert) in (the mountains) at (the post office) on (MK Street) on / at (the corner) in (the street) on (the island) in (the west) at (the top of) on (the...
... obstacles during the study Last but not least, I would like to thank all the readers for their interest inthe paper i ABSTRACT In Vietnam, together with the rapid development ofthe movie industry, ... alike According to Trinh (cited in Megastar Hé Lộ Doanh Số, 2012), in Vietnam, film industry “has maintained significant growth” inthe past few years and the box office revenue of Megastar alone ... requested to participate inthe face -to- face semi-structured interviews in order to find some techniques that can be used in translating movie titles from English into Vietnamese in CGV Cineplex The...
... inthe other ways Some people described ESP as simply being the teaching ofEnglish for any purpose that could be specified Others, however, were more precise, describing it asthe teaching of ... francaofthe colonies ofthe British Empire Inthe post-colonial period, some ofthe newly created nations, who had multiple indigenous languages, opted to continue using Englishasthelinguafranca ... coherent text for the target culture audience in a specific context It is up tothe translator to decide whether or not to maintain the cohesive ties as well asthe coherence ofthe source language text...
... hedges to criticize between the two cultures Another goal of this research is to raise the awareness of both teachers and learners ofEnglish about the necessity of hedging in language, and to give ... Scope ofthe study - The study is confined tothe verbal aspects ofthe act of criticism with the use of politeness and hedging In addition, adjacency pairs are beyond the scope of this paper - The ... discuss all aspects of hedging inlanguageAs criticism is an act yielding high risk of making hearers lose face, it requires different supplementary steps to reduce the weightiness ofthe utterance...
... that the researcher can get the students’ opinions about the reading material they are using, the teachers they are contacting with, and the methods of teaching reading they are adapting to These ... 10% The summary ofthe ratings of what teachers often ask their students to every reading lesson given in Table signals that the teachers are aware of their duty in class They have attempted to ... “Streamline English – Destination”? a very interesting b interesting c rather interesting d boring What you think ofthe length ofthe reading text inthe book “Streamline English – Destination”?...
... Students Aware ofthe Nature of Reading Process Promoting Students to Be Fully Aware of Their Purpose of Reading 3.2.3 Activating Students to Work Willingly in Different Stages of Reading 3.2.4 ... attitude/opinion in relation tothe topic Review their own experience about the topic At While-reading Phase Ask the students to possibly: follow the order of ideas in a text react tothe opinions expressed ... to Aid the Students in Three Phases of a Reading Lesson 3.4.Techniques for the Development of Reading Materials 3.4.1 Making Full Use ofthe Reading Texts and Designing Reading Text Based Activities...
... meta-knowledge ofEnglish intonation The two groups’ meta-knowledge ofEnglish intonation inthe pre-teaching phase The tests of meta-linguistic ofEnglish intonation were administered twice ... Industry to find out how much they know about intonation inEnglish and applying some strategies in teaching and learning Englishto help the learners get the knowledge ofEnglish intonation for the ... research into intonation and the teaching of intonation has been increasing in recent years inthe field of TESOL and applied linguistics Ky (2006) made a myriad of clear descriptive demonstrations of...
... Interactions inEnglishas a linguafranca and the myth of mutual intelligibility In: Gnutzmann, C (Ed.) Teaching and Learning Englishas a Global Language Tubingen: Stauffenburg, 73-89 Jenkins, ... M.Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching Englishas a second or foreign language Boston: Heinle & Heinle Meierkord, C (2002) Language stripped bare’ or ‘linguistic masala’? Culture inlinguafranca communication ... Seidlhofer, B (2001) Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description ofEnglishas a linguafranca International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11, 133-158 Seidlhofer, B (2003) A concept of international...
... Review 1.2 Theories ofEnglish intonation 1.2.1 Definitions of intonation 1.2.2 Systems ofEnglish intonation 1.2.3 Structure ofEnglish intonation 1.2.4 Basic tune shapes ofEnglish intonation ... 1.2.4.1 The falling tune 10 1.2.4.2 The first rising tune 11 1.2.4.3 The second rising tune 12 1.2.4.4 The falling-rising tune 13 1.2.5 Functions ofEnglish intonation 14 1.2.5.1 The organization of ... meta-knowledge ofEnglish intonation and the development of their 30 listening skill 3.1.1.1 Learners’ meta-knowledge ofEnglish intonation 30 3.1.1.2 Learners’ development of listening skill 33...
... best to prepare mainstream, or general education, teachers to work with Englishlanguage learners since they are increasingly likely tohave such students in their class To date, there has been relatively ... across the country are buckling under the weight of having to meet the needs of ELL students who are not demonstrating proficiency in academic areas such as reading, writing, and math Englishlanguage ... the priorities ofthe U.S Department of Education, which include high-stakes evaluation of teachers Amidst these sweeping changes inthe enterprise of teaching and learning, Englishlanguage learners,...
... There are 19 teachers, in which teachers of French, teachers of Chinese and the rest arethe teachers ofEnglishAs for the teachers of English, four of them have been teaching totheEnglish major ... troubles inthe results ofthe study 2.4.1.2 The teachers As mentioned inthe Scope ofthe study, because of not being an official teacher ofEnglish so in order to this research I had to ask two teachers ... during the lessons they were enthusiastic and tried to reach the aims and objectives ofthe lessons However, there were differences in teaching methods and teaching style of these two teachers As...
... three main purposes Inthe first place, the writer would find out from the students’ points of view what the factors leading to their disruptive behaviours were They were also asked to give opinions ... try to become the class character tothe detriment of their peers There are a lots of ways of a disrupting a class.’ Whether discipline and discipline problems are discussed either directly or indirectly, ... understanding ofthe roles ofthe teacher inlanguage classroom, it is worth looking at the study of Tony Wright on The Roles of Teachers and Learners’ (1987) Inthe study, he discusses the social...
... phosphine is a quick and effective tool for the control of stored-product insect pests In view ofthe scheduled phaseout of methyl bromide under the Montreal protocol, the role of phosphine in grain ... time of h were needed The pupae of these three insect species were the most resistant tothe ITCs tested (Table 16.5) Using high columns filled to 70% wheat to evaluate the toxicity of allyl ITC in ... component in this plant, has lower mammalian toxicity as compared tothe other active ITCs tested The lower toxicity makes this fumigant a promising candidate for the disinfestation of grain and...
... students' language skills are transferred tothe use ofEnglishIn other words, we may not be teaching them to read, but weare teaching them to read inEnglish And because they are dealing with ... whilst others are not? If we knew the answer to that question the job of teaching and learning a languagewould be easy We don't, of course, but we can point to a number of factors which seem tohave ... needs to be reflected inthe book Then there is theissueof methodology Inthe last few years wehave seen an awakening of interest in task-based learning, self-directed learning, learner training,...
... It has discussed the theory of cooperative learning in general and inlanguage teaching in particular The most important issues including the definitions, the principles, the structures, the interface ... February to June 2005 The subjects ofthe study arethe second year students of Department ofEnglish Materials involved inthe CL training and implementing program which are topic- and task- based are ... steps in this process consist of observing the learning situation, collecting data, analyzing data and summarizing findings The last chapter deals with the summary, the findings as well as the...
... employed to explain the choice ofthe wastewater treatment programme alternative, and the vector of coefficients to l are attached tothe vector of interaction terms (S) that influence utility Since ... households taking part inthe survey In each household the household heads were interviewed An introductory section explained tothe respondents the context in which the choices were to be made ... attributes considered, and the vectors of coefficients to n are attached tothe vector of attributes (Z) The assumptions about the distribution of error terms implicit inthe use ofthe CLM impose a particular...
... reporter assay Results Co-expression of PrPC and Akt in gastric cancer Immunohistochemical staining showed that PrPC was expressed inthe cytoplasm of neoplastic cells in 70.6% (60/85) of gastric ... (IR) The staining was semiquantitatively evaluated by assigning a score for the intensity ofthe IR and for the proportion of cells positively stained The intensity of IR (intensity score) was ... retention in SGC7901/PrPC cells were further determined by flow cytometric analysis The adriamycin-releasing index in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells was calculated as follows: releasing index = (accumulation...