... body of evidence in support ofthe theory that mechanical ventilation may sensitize theinnate immune system and that, in turn, theinnate immune system may sensitize the lungs to the effects of ... clinical trial of protective ventilation strategy Further evidence is required to determine whether the soluble Fas ligand actually originated in the lungs Irrespective ofthe source, these findings ... mg/kg) and did not result in overt ALI before initiation ofthe ventilation protocol; andthe mechanical ventilation protocol used levels of Vt that did not lead to disruption ofthe epithelial...
... to the macrophage in the right lung is shown as a function of time In the inset, the ratio of macrophages in the left to the macrophages in the right lung is shown for all rats, regardless ofthe ... accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the National Academy of Sciences and published by the National Institutes of Health Protocols were approved by the Duke ... lung of rats receiving gastric fluid in their left lung, the left lung of rats receiving normal saline in their left lung, the right lung of rats receiving gastric fluid in their left lung, and the...
... markers are indicated on the left of Spatzle-C108 (Fig 8A) Analysis of tryptic peptides ¨ from these bands by MS ⁄ MS and mascot software identified them as attacin-1, lysozyme, and cecropinA ⁄ B (Table ... comparison ofthe genomic and cDNA sequences Analysis ofthe amino acid sequences deduced 158 from the cDNA, including prediction of signal peptide and glycosylation sites, was carried out in the expasy ... to B mori Spatzle-1 [23] We performed ¨ 3¢-RACE and 5¢-RACE to obtain the missing ends ofthe cDNA, and then used primers encompassing the start and stop codons, with larval fat body cDNA as template,...
... particular, the four-stranded b sheet formed by the aminoacid residues at the N- and C-termini of PR contribute close to 75% ofthe total Gibbs energy [15] The importance of this four-stranded b ... dimer (residues 1–5 and 95–99) Additional interactions include a complex salt bridge between D29 and R87 of one subunit and R8 ofthe other subunit Thermodynamic analyses ofthe dimeric PR molecule ... interactions in the dimer include interactions between the catalytic triad residues (D25-G27), I50 and G51 at the tip ofthe flaps, andthe antiparallel b sheet formed by the four termini in the dimer...
... capacity and also modulating the catalytic properties ofthe enzyme [19] To extend the information about the role ofthe noncatalytic SBD regions and their effect on the C-terminal CD, we further ... showing a lack of interaction for the individual SBDs and also in the absence ofthe D(316–344) and D(495–535) regions ofthe D2 and D3 domains, respectively Kinetic parameters of co-purified recombinant ... that the N-terminal region of SSIII can interact with SSI [13] The possible regulatory role of this protein makes this isoform a potential target for the manipulation ofthe level and quality of...
... toxicity and graded from to on the RTOG scale (Table 1) However, these trials often not specify the incidence and severity of treatment related cardiovascular (thrombotic) toxicities In fact, ofthe ... Four of these 48 patients developed grade 4–5 TE [9] Of these events, there were grade toxicities and grade toxicity This is consistent with our unpublished institutional experience with grade and ... cases of severe thrombotic events out ofthe 1424 patients described in Table In addition to the increase of thromboses as a result of malignancy, a review of chemotherapy associated vascular...
... the exoskeleton ofthe crab immediately jeopardizes the integrity ofthe internal milieu ofthe organism Not only is there a real threat of loss of internal contents ofthe crab to the external ... integument ofthe animal, and it seals off the injured area from the remainder ofthe crab’s open circulatory system The animal will often clot off and sacrifice an entire extremity (they have ... disadvantageous to the host, with consumption of clotting factors and widespread deposition of fibrin clots throughout the microcirculation [2,19–21] The actions ofthe human coagulation system andthe innate...
... stimuli [11-13] However, in spite ofthe relevance of these reservoir cells in the control of viral persistence, the mechanisms responsible of apoptosis resistance of persistently-infected cells ... independent ofthe magnitude of viral replication Apoptosis resistance is independent ofthe magnitude of viral replication A) Jurkat and J1.1 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of 1000 ... experiments of apoptosis by Hoechst and APOBrDU DOC and GAR were responsible of experiments using Western blot analysis, and contributed to writing ofthe manuscript MB, RL and MS performed and interpreted...
... [7] The aim ofthe study was to identify if the early statuses oftheinnateand adaptive immune systems of septic patients differ in relation to the underlying type of infection stimulating the ... located either in the cell membrane or inside the cytoplasm of blood monocytes and tissue macrophages Endotoxins ofthe cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan ofthe cell wall of Gram-positive ... endotoxemia and in patients with melioidosis and bacteremia [22] Increase ofthe absolute counts of NK cells was a profound change of sepsis due to CAP The rate of apoptosis of NK cells andof NKT...
... out the experiments, participated in the design ofthe study andthe drafting of this manuscript LA designed the vectors, conceived the experiments and drafted the manuscript Both authors read and ... contributes to the neuroprotective activity ofthe CM from ∆RR-infected EOC2 and E0C20 cells To examine the effect of IL-10 on the neuroprotective capacity ofthe CM from ∆RR-infected EOC2 and EOC20 ... strain and are growth-compromised in the CNS, (ii) the two viruses have no genetic differences other than the mutated ICP10 protein, as evidenced by the study of revertant viruses, (iii) the PK-deleted...
... intricate network of interactions that involve other amino acids andthe prosthetic group, contributing to the correct positioning of FAD andthe substrate NADP+ [12] The other tyrosine (Y308 ... and phenol as the tyrosine R group This system has been used previously to analyze the geometry ofthe tyrosine stacked on the si-face ofthe flavin in FNRs [12] The single point energies ofthe ... confirmed by DNA sequencing The design ofthe mutants was intended to preserve the amino acid character and to modify only the relative volume of their R groups The expression ofthe FNR mutants as soluble...
... carbohydrate ligands on the microbial surface [83] on the one hand, and on the degree of oligomerization ofthe collectin [66], on the other Clustering of glycoproteins or glycolipids on the surface of microorganisms ... that the acquisition of oligosaccharides antigenetically identical to those ofthehost helps the virus to escape the collectin-based immune defenses ofthehost organism, and is thus one ofthe ... because viruses make use ofthehost cell machinery for the synthesis, folding and transport of proteins to the site of Ó FEBS 2004 virus assembly at the cell surface This machinery includes the...
... 0.6 and Na2B2O7, 0.1 The optical density, the concentrations of nitrate [17] and nitrite [18], the pO2 andthe pH ofthe medium were monitored, andthe composition ofthe gaseous phase in the ... catalytic center ofthe enzyme These modications may be attributed to either the presence ofthe substrate and/ or a product in the vicinity ofthe T2Cu active center rather than to disruption of this ... the applicability ofthe Nicholson and Shain theory to the present system, andthe variation ofthe pseudo-rst order rate constant with CuNir concentrations (between and lM) yielded a value of...
... v/v/v/v), and (c) chloroform/methanol/acetic acid (65 : 2.5 : 4, v/v/v) The first solvent system was developed through the plate, the second reached cm from the bottom ofthe plate, whereas the third ... with iodine vapor, andthe bands of 1-O-acylCer and nonesterified fatty acids were scraped from the plates to quantitate the radioactivity incorporated by liquid scintillation The bands corresponding ... tested the effect of C2-Cer on Etn plasmalogen levels The concentration range of C2-Cer was chosen on the basis of previous evidence [26,27] A concentration of 50 lM was the lowest capable of decreasing...
... (a-c); and from a region of interest of an adjacent platelet (r) (initial value of each trace, F/Fo ¼ 1) Insert shows expanded part of curves a–c (B) Selection of regions of interest ofthe platelets ... at the right physiological sites during hemostasis and at atherosclerotic sites during thrombosis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge grants from the Netherlands Heart Foundation andthe Netherlands ... primarily independently of InsP3 receptors (U73122), and regardless ofthe type of stores used by these agonists, the spiking process was always irregular in amplitude and frequency and occurred with...
... 641 Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events are critical for themodulationofthe activity ofthe guard cell-expressed K+ uptake channel KAT1 Nevertheless, information on the kinase-mediated ... the addition of lM PMA to the bath solution A black bar indicates the addition and removal of PMA (B) Changes in the current at –150 mV in response to lM PMA PMA was added immediately after the ... depolarization ofthe membrane This activates anion efflux channels and inhibits inward K+ uptake channels [6] to reduce the turgor pressure ofthe cells The involvement of KAT1 in these regulatory...
... levels of AEA (A) and activity of FAAH (B) and NAPE-PLD (C) in the ischemic striatum and cortex of rats subjected to h of MCAo, with or without h of reperfusion Sham rats were exposed to the same ... a consequence of focal brain ischemia, CB1 and TRPV1 receptor binding in cortices and striata did not change following h of MCAo, either in the absence or in the presence of h of reperfusion ... esters and ethers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are synthesized on demand Anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) (AEA) was the first member of this family to be discovered [1], and...
... 7, day 14 and day 28 by counting the number of foot faults in the left and right forelimbs The sum of foot faults (SOFFF) in the forelimbs is defined as the number of faults of right and left ... http://www.axon.com) The stimulating electrode andthe reference electrode were placed in the median nerve ofthe muscles between the ulner and radical bone, andthe pre-frontal scalp ofthe midline, ... forelimbs, whereas the differentiation of forelimb foot faults (DOFFF) is the difference between the number of faults for the right and left forelimbs SOFFF and DOFFF were used as an index of motor deficit...
... unit of intercepted radiation andthe difference between the respective rates of photosynthesis result from differences in the distribution of radiation over the shoot In Fig 2A, the photosynthetic ... photosynthetic units are assumed to be uniformly distributed within the needle andthe transmission of radiation was assumed to be an exponential function ofthe Measured rates of photosynthesis of ... be the major component causing variation in the photosynthetic response (Smolander et al., 1987) Thus, much ofthe variation in photosynthesis caused by Our results showed a tween the rates of...