validation of standard methods
báo cáo hóa học: " Clinical assessment of the physical activity pattern of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: a validation of three methods" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 19:20
... form of a dichotomous outcome, namely 'passive' or 'active' These topics are: the routine pattern of activities and the amount of time laying or sitting during the day of yesterday, the number of ... complaint of severe fatigue was indicated by scores of 35 or higher on the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) subscale 'fatigue severity' [19] Severe impairment was defined by a cut off score of 700 ... points of CFS-AQ and IPAQ marked with (black circle) different cut off points and find the point with the highest score Cross tabulations were constructed to support comparison of the three methods...
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Standard Methods of Input docx
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 08:20
... • The Mouse • Variants of the Mouse The Keyboard • The Standard Keyboard Layout • Ergonomic Keyboards • How a Keyboard Works The Keyboard - Standard Keyboard Layout • A standard computer keyboard ... These devices provide a set of buttons that function like mouse buttons lesson Review • Identify the five key groups on a standard computer keyboard • Describe the purpose of a mouse and the role ... Right-clicking; Press and release the right mouse button Variants of the Mouse • Trackballs • Trackpads • Integrated Pointed Devices Variants of the Mouse - Trackballs • A trackball is like a mouse turned...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_1 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... concentrations of 250 mg/L are objectionable, however, would depend upon the degree of acclimation of the user to the water In Antipolo, a barrio of Cebu in the Philippines, the normal source of water of ... Various Combinations of Positive and Negative Results when Five 10-mL, Five 1-mL, and Five 0.1-mL Portions are Used Number of Tubes Giving Positive Reaction Out of of 10-mL of 1-mL of 0.1 mL MPN per ... because of the resistance that the high viscosity offers to the downward motion of the particles as they settle Pressure drops also increase in the operation of filtration units, again, because of...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_2 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... end of crest to gage point B = axial length of converging section C = width of downstream end of flume D = width of upstream end of flume E = depth of flume F = length of throat G = length of diverging ... lower end of flume and crest of floor level = in M = length of approach floor N = depth of depression in throat below crest at level floor P = width between ends of curve wing walls R = radius of curved ... considered to be the average of the “posof” and “negof” calculations Examples of quality parameters are BOD, suspended solids, total nitrogen, etc The calculation of the values of quality parameters...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_3 potx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... the pump At 20°C, Pv (vapor pressure of water) = 2.34 kN/m = 0.239 m of water Assume standard atmosphere of atm = 10.34 m of water Therefore, theoretical limit of pump cavitation = − (10.34 − 0.239) ... source tank above the elevation of the eye of the impeller or centerline of the pump system; the second is the source tank below the eye of the impeller or centerline of the pump system The flow in ... characteristics of the pump are the diameter of impeller or length of stroke D, the rotational speed or stroking speed ω, some roughness ⑀ of the chamber, and some characteristic length ᐉ of the chamber...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... of combinations of the values of the elements of Vc[Xc] + Vu[Xc] can occur before the solids reach the critical section of the thickener This combination corresponds to the different speeds of ... point Velocity at point Volume of tank Top width of flow in grit chambers Width of settling zone of rectangular clarifier Fraction of particles remaining Fraction of particles remaining corresponding ... the cross section of a grit removal unit consisting of four identical channels to remove grit for a peak flow of 80,000 m /d, an average flow 3 of 50,000 m /d and a minimum flow of 20,000 m /d There...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_5 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... Projected area of paddle blade Sum of projected areas of paddle blades Length of paddle blade Coefficient of drag Width of paddle blade The diameter of the impeller Diameter of vessel Distance of impeller ... length of the paddle blades of the longest compartment to that of the length of the paddle blades of the middle compartment is 2.6:2, and the ratio of the length of the paddle blades of the middle ... velocity of bubbles Average rise velocity of water Tangential velocity of paddle Paddle tip velocity Volume of tank Volume of bubble Average volume of bubbles in tank Average volume of bubble...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_6 pot
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... of the cylindrical element of fluid; Fg is the weight of the fluid in the element; Fsh is the shear force acting on the fluid along the surface areas of the grains; dV is the volume of element of ... the temperature of filtration The value of c may be determined by performing an experiment of the particular type of sludge To determine α o , take the logarithms of both sides of Equation (7.67), ... filter sand of sieve analysis of Problem 7.10 is used to construct (a) a slow-sand filter of average porosity of 0.39 operated at 9.33 m /m ⋅ d and (b) a rapid-sand filter of average porosity of 0.42...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_7 doc
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... function of the size of the solute molecule • Percentage removal increases as the percent dissociation of the solute molecule increases The degree of dissociation of a molecule is a function of pH, ... rate of application of the influent be recorded, as the length of δ is dependent upon this flow rate The faster the rate of application, the longer the length of δ, and the slower the rate of application, ... relative to bed Volume of sample; volume of permeate Volume of effluent in column at breakthrough Volume of effluent in column at exhaustion Amount of adsorbate adsorbed to M amount of adsorbent Adsorption...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_8 docx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... time of ammonia-free air, L be the moles per unit time of ammonia-free water, [Y1] be the moles of ammonia per mole of ammoniafree air at the bottom, [Y2] be the moles of ammonia per mole of ammonia-free ... structures Standard oxygen rate, SOR—The rate of transfer of oxygen from air into tap water or distilled at a pressure of one atmosphere and a dissolved oxygen concentration of mg/L Stripping—The flow of ... Mole of solute per unit mole of the solute-free liquid Moles of ammonia per mole ammonia-free water at the bottom Moles of ammonia per mole of ammonia-free water at the top Concentration of organisms...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_9 potx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... the number of reference species is moles of positive charges for each of these reactions Thus, the equivalent mass of calcium is Ca/2 and the number of equivalents of the MCa mass of calcium ... use of alkalinity in any of the softening equations, yet, in the literature, this parameter is used in softening calculations The reason is that the use of this parameter in softening is often ... sl Mass of solids produced in the lime-soda process Total mass of noncarbonate hardness of calcium Total mass of Ca(HCO3)2 Total mass of noncarbonate hardness of magnesium Total mass of Mg(HCO3)2...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_10 docx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... amount of calcium carbonate that precipitates is simply the equivalent of the calcium ion that precipitates, Cappt Because the number of moles of Cappt is equal to the number of moles of the ... complex of calcium ion [∆carb] Moles of carbon dioxide per unit volume of flow required to bring the pH of water to the saturation pH o CaSO Sulfate complex of calcium ion [∆Decarb] Moles of base ... source of the confusion Thus, to understand the underpinnings of this method of expression, one must look at the reference chemical reaction As shown previously, the equivalence of all forms of alkalinity...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_11 potx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... concentrations of each of these complex ions are determined by the pH of the solution In the application of the above equations in an actual coagulation treatment of water as in all applications of coagulants, ... practical way of expressing the alkalinity requirement is through the use of equivalents Using this method, the number of equivalents of the alum used is equal to the number of equivalents of the alkalinity ... chlorine Acidity—The capacity of a solution to absorb the effect of the addition of a base Alkalinity—The capacity of a solution to absorb the effect of the addition of an acid © 2003 by A P Sincero...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_12 potx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... in terms of equivalents of the bicarbonate ion, or in terms of the equivalents of the hydroxide ion The number of equivalents of the hydroxide ion is equal to its number of moles, so it is convenient ... Reduction—The addition of electrons to the valence shell of an atom Reference species—The number of moles of electrons involved or the number of positive (or negative) moles of charges or oxidation ... constant of FeOH and FeOH + Equilibrium constant of Fe ( OH ) − Equilibrium constant of Fe ( OH ) − Equilibrium constant of Fe ( OH ) 4+ Equilibrium constant of Fe2 ( OH ) + Equilibrium constant of...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_13 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... liter of suspended solids in raw water Cubic meters of water treated Water of hydration of alum Activity coefficient of the calcium ion Activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion Activity coefficient of ... phosphate phosphorus of the raw water The p orbital of the valence shell Fractional purity of alum Fractional purity of lime Fractional purity of ferric chloride Fractional purity of ferric sulfate ... constant of calcium hydroxide K sp,Fe ( OH )3 Solubility product constant of ferric hydroxide K sp,FePO4 Solubility product constant of ferric phosphate Ion product of water Kw MAl Total kilograms of...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_14 docx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... Yc, Ydn, and Ydc The units of Yc and Ydc are in terms of moles of organisms per unit mole of sewage The units of Ydn are in terms of moles of organism per unit mole of nitrate nitrogen The units ... rate of increase of the concentration of the organisms The first term on the right-hand side of Equation (15.71) is the rate of increase of microorganism that corresponds to the rate of decrease of ... mg/L of TKN, 25 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and 200 mg/L of BOD5 The effluent from the tank contains 2.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 0.5 mg/L of NO2−N, 2.0 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and 10 mg/L of BOD5...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_15 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... 16.1 Unit operations of ion exchange of ions takes place This exchange of ions is the chemical reaction of the unit process of ion exchange; the mere physical passing through of the water with the ... DESIGN OF ION EXCHANGERS Generally, designs of ion exchangers should include the following: quantity of exchange materials and regenerants; dimension of the bed (volume of bed); interval of bed ... having intervals of hours The raw 2+ 2+ water contains 80 mg/L of Ca and 15 mg/L of Mg The exchanger is a resin of exchange capacity of 1412.8 geq/m Assume that the packed density of the resin...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_16 doc
Ngày tải lên :
19/06/2014, 16:20
... the unit of disinfecting power of NaOCl is NaOCl/2 = 37.24 Therefore, the available chlorine of NaOCl is the ratio of the mass of chlorine to the mass of NaOCl that has the same unit of oxidizing ... unit of oxidizing power as chlorine The unit of disinfecting power of chlorine may be found as follows in terms of one mole of electrons: − Cl + 2e → 2Cl − (17.45) From this equation, the unit of ... addition of one mole of HOCl to one mole of ammonia does not guarantee complete conversion into NH2Cl At these pH values, the one mole of HOCl added becomes lesser, because of the predominance of the...
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Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater P4. end
Ngày tải lên :
29/07/2014, 18:58
... desiccator e Combined working standard solution, high range: Combine 12 mL of standard anion solutions, 1000 mg/L (¶ 3d) of NO2–, NO3–, HPO42–, and Br–, 20 mL of Cl–, and 80 mL of SO42– Dilute to 1000 ... replicates of a certified performance evaluation standard containing the analytes of interest Calculate mean and standard deviation of these data The mean must be within the performance evaluation standard s ... Federation Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Boron (B) is the first element in Group IIIA of the periodic table; it has an atomic number of 5, an atomic weight of 10.81,...
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Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater P3
Ngày tải lên :
29/07/2014, 18:58
... Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Refer to Couplet No Statement 3b Nonmotile; true flagella absent; ends of cells often not differentiated ... Works Association, Water Environment Federation Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Organism Snails Soft-rayed fish Soft-shelled clam Sowbug Spectacle case Spermatophytes ... Association, Water Environment Federation Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Algae General TAYLOR, W.R 1957 Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America, 2nd ed Univ...
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