... plankton for feeding in commercial hatcheries may therefore appear evident, in practice
the useof natural plankton often entails many constraints which will be explained in
detail in chapter 5. For ... through the development and useof a succession of
live food organisms as feed for the developing larvae. The aim of the present manual was
therefore to review and summarise the latest developments ... and useof live food organisms as feed for the developing larvae. The present
manual describes the major production techniques currently employed for the cultivation
of the major types of live...
... commercial rearing of various species of marine
animals as a food source forall growth stages of bivalve molluscs, larval stages of some
crustacean species, and very early growth stages of ... of feeding strategies and zootechnical
aspects, still often results in less predictable culture performance. Despite extensive
research efforts, the useof artificial diets in the culture of ... the dry weight content for species commonly
used in mariculture are presented in Table 2.10. The density of harvested algal cultures
generally ranges between 80 and 250 mg of dry weight per liter....
...
generations of offspring before they eventually die. The reproduction activity of
Brachionus depends on the temperature of the environment as illustrated in Table 3.1.
The life cycle of Brachionus ... The rotifers are rinsed, a small part is used for maintenance of the stock, and
the remaining rotifers can be used for upscaling. Furthermore, after some months of
regular culture the stock ... this rotifer could be used as
a suitable live food organism for the early larval stages of marine fish. The successful use
of rotifers in the commercial hatchery operations of the red sea bream...
...
affecting the parental generation. For optimal useof Artemia in aquaculture the hatching
characteristics of any batch of cysts being used should be known. More information in
this respect is given ... being developed for oral
delivery of vitamins, chemotherapeutics and vaccines.
Furthermore, a better knowledge of the biology of Artemia was at the origin of the
development of other Artemia ... affect the abundance of the population and eventually cause
a temporary absence of the species.
As Artemia is incapable of active dispersion, wind and waterfowl (especially flamingos)
are...
...
4.2.4. Direct useof decapsulated cysts
The direct useof Artemia cysts, in its decapsulated form, is much more limited in
larviculture of fish and shrimp, compared to the useof Artemia nauplii. ... result of the metabolic characteristics of hydrated cysts, a number of
recommendations can be formulated with regard to their use. When cysts (both
decapsulated and non-decapsulated) are stored for ... higher than for instar I nauplii
(see 4.2.3.; Fig. 4.3.4.). For example, for the culture of carp larvae during the first two
weeks, the useof decapsulated cysts constitutes a saving of over one...
... hatcheries all over the world for enhancing the
nutritional value of Artemia with essential fatty acids.
Figure 4.3.7. Schematic diagram of the useof Artemia as vector for transfer of
specific ... Penaeid shrimp
Artemia is generally used for feeding the late larval and postlarval stages of penaeids.
Freshly-hatched nauplii are usually offered at the start of the first mysis stage, and ... Installation of automated
systems simplify production techniques in commercial operations, (i.e. by the useof a
concentrator/rinser; Fig 4.3.2.) that enables fast harvesting of large volumes of...
... seawater formulations used for tank production of Artemia
(ing.l
-1
). For the Dietrich and Kalle formulation, solutions A and B are prepared
separately, then mixed and strongly aerated for 24h. ... and adults are used as a nursery diet not only for their optimal
nutritional value but also for energetic advantages as well. For example, when offered
large Artemia instead of freshly-hatched ... production capacities. Application of an
that takes profit of the specific aspects of ongrown Artemia: instead of adding the
enrichment emulsion at the end of the culture, it is distributed...
... the culture
ponds. The same type of filters as described for large salt operations can be used.
Moreover, the small size of the ponds allows the useof so-called filter boxes. In such a
box ... ponds are often turned into
fish/shrimp ponds.
for dilution due to release of water from the cysts.
- for a low ratio of cysts to brine (e.g. useof brine ponds or large tanks), exchange of
brine ... account ofall aspects related to pond
construction and site selection. We will only summarize those aspects which should be
specifically applied for Artemia pond culture. For more detailed information...
... weight of Tigriopus can be harvested during 89 days at maximal densities
of 22,000 animals.l
-1
; the amount of yeast used for a 1 kg production of Tigriopus being 5
to 6 kg.
5.2.6. Useof resting ... cycle of Daphnia
6.1.2. Nutritional value of Daphnia
6.1.3. Feeding and nutrition of Daphnia
6.1.4. Mass culture of Daphnia
6.1.5. Production and useof resting eggs
6.1.6. Useof Moina ... stimulus for many fish which prefer them over rotifers. Another
advantage of the useof copepods, especially benthos-type species like Tisbe, is that the
non-predated copepods keep the walls of the...
... value of Daphnia
6.1.3. Feeding and nutrition of Daphnia
6.1.4. Mass culture of Daphnia
6.1.5. Production and useof resting eggs
6.1.6. Useof Moina
6.1.1. Biology and life cycle of Daphnia ... size of the animals and the
antennule morphology. Males (0.6-0.9 mm) are smaller than females (1.0-1.5 mm) and
have long graspers which are used for holding the female during copulation. Sexually ... document has been prepared to help meet the needs of aquaculture workers of
member countries for the synthesis of information in the field of aquaculture nutrition
and feed development.
...
... improves the useof pseudo-
words as an evaluation framework for
selectional preferences. While pseudo-
words originally evaluated word sense
disambiguation, they are now commonly
used to evaluate ... for automatically creating test
corpora without human labeling, originally pro-
posed for word sense disambiguation (Gale et al.,
1992; Schutze, 1992). While pseudo-words are
now less often used ... complexity. Removing this strict cutoff
appears to have little effect on the results.
Finally, we report backoff scores for Google and
Erk. These consist of always choosing the Base-
line if...
... feasibility for women of remaining in care and
on lifelong ART, especially for women starting treatment
earlier than is currently recommended for adults generally.
In particular, rapid scale-up of ... The overall effectiveness, both for the mother’s health
HIV/AIDS Programme
Use of AntiretrovirAl DrUgs
for treAting PregnAnt Women
AnD Preventing Hiv infection in infAnts
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
April ... (10).
Many HIV high-burden countries initially chose Option A
because of limited PMTCT programme support, challenges of
scale-up, lower drug costs, ease of adding on to prior PMTCT
approaches...