upper and lower respiratory tract infections ppt
Báo cáo y học: "Prohormones for prediction of adverse medical outcome in community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 10:02
... management and
superior allocation of health care resources.
Trial Registration : NCT00350987.
Introduction
The assessment of disease severity and prediction of out-
come in lower respiratory tract infections ... copeptin, a
novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections. Eur J Clin Invest
2007, 37:145-152.
22. Christ-Crain M, Muller B: Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections:
diagnostic guides ... Muller B: Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use
and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised,
single-blinded intervention trial. Lancet 2004, 363:600-607.
30....
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New Developments in Upper and Lower Genital Tract Cancer potx
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 11:20
... screening
and prevention, and clinical presentation, and
provide guidance as to what to expect when the
patient goes through the diagnosis and treatment
New
Developments in
Upper and Lower
Genital Tract ... principles
and guidelines to help the family physician
integrate important concepts and heighten
awareness regarding new developments and con-
troversies in lower and upper genital tract can-
cer. ... elements of sexuality, fertility and feminini-
ty. Cancer of the vulva, vagina and cervix directly
impact on one’s self esteem. For endometrial and
ovarian cancer, and any disease treated with radia-
tion...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) ppt
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 1)
Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 31. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis,
and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ... Tract Infections
Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract
Infections: Introduction
Infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs) have a tremendous impact
on public ... infants and young children.
Occasionally, clinical features reflect the underlying viral pathogen;
myalgias and fatigue, for example, are sometimes seen with influenza and
parainfluenza infections, ...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 3) ppt
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 3)
Clinical Manifestations
Most cases of acute sinusitis present after or in conjunction with a viral
URI, and it can be ... viral infections
such as the common cold and is not specific to bacterial infection. Other
nonspecific manifestations include cough, sneezing, and fever. Tooth pain, most
often involving the upper ... or periorbital pain. Nasopharyngeal ulcerations, epistaxis, and
headaches are also frequent, and involvement of cranial nerves V and VII has been
described in more advanced cases. Bony erosion...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 2) docx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... alone and with bacteria—have been
rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus. Bacterial causes of sinusitis
have been better described. Among community-acquired cases, S. pneumoniae and ... Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Often, these infections are polymicrobial
and involve organisms that are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics. ... Absidia, and
Cunninghamella. These infections usually occur in diabetic patients with
ketoacidosis but also develop in transplant recipients, patients with hematologic
malignancies, and patients...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) docx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... associated with either bacteria
Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 4)
Acute Sinusitis: Treatment
Most patients with a diagnosis ...
antibiotics to cover common pathogens such as S. aureus and gram-negative
bacilli. Therapy should then be tailored to the results of culture and susceptibility
testing of sinus aspirates.
Chronic ... debridement and treatment with
IV antifungal agents active against fungal hyphal forms, such as amphotericin B.
Specific therapy should be individualized according to the fungal species and the...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 5)
Infections of the Ear and Mastoid
Infections of the ear and associated structures can involve both the middle
and external ... canal, and tympanic
and mastoid cavities. Both viruses and bacteria are known causes of these
infections, some of which result in significant morbidity if not treated
appropriately.
Infections ... the external ear and
typically follows minor local trauma. It presents with the typical signs and
symptoms of a skin/soft tissue infection, with tenderness, erythema, swelling, and
warmth of...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 6) pot
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... weeks to
months, and often is difficult to distinguish from a severe case of chronic otitis
externa because of the presence of purulent otorrhea and an erythematous swollen
ear and external canal. ... the junction of bone and cartilage. If left unchecked, the infection can migrate
to the base of the skull (resulting in skull-base osteomyelitis) and on to the
meninges and brain, with a high ... illnesses,
including URIs and chronic rhinosinusitis. The inflammatory response to these
conditions leads to the development of a sterile transudate within the middle-ear
and mastoid cavities....
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 7) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... inflammation of the upper respiratory
mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children). Other signs and symptoms
that are occasionally reported include vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus.
Acute ... positive and negative pressure, but this movement is
dampened when fluid is present. With bacterial infection, the tympanic membrane
can also be erythematous, bulging, or retracted and occasionally ... of penicillin-
resistant S. pneumoniae. Decongestants and antihistamines are frequently used as
adjunctive agents to reduce congestion and relieve obstruction of the eustachian
tube, but clinical...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... surrounding
bone and the formation of abscess-like cavities that are usually evident on CT.
Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part ... least 3 months and (2) is
associated with significant bilateral hearing loss. With this conservative approach
and the application of strict diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media and otitis ... connect with the middle
ear, the process of fluid collection and infection is usually the same in the mastoid
as in the middle ear.
Early and frequent treatment of acute otitis media is most likely...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 9) docx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... cause. Together, respiratory viruses
are the most common identifiable cause of acute pharyngitis, with rhinoviruses
and coronaviruses accounting for large proportions of cases (~20% and at least ... herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, coxsackievirus A,
cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Acute HIV infection can
present as acute pharyngitis and should be considered in high-risk ... enterocolitica, and Treponema pallidum (in secondary syphilis).
Anaerobic bacteria can also cause acute pharyngitis (Vincent's angina) and can
contribute to more serious polymicrobial infections, ...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 10) potx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... pharyngitis,
such as influenza virus, adenovirus, HSV, EBV, CMV, and M. pneumoniae, are
available in some locations and can be used when these infections are suspected.
The diagnosis of acute EBV infection ... rapid antigen-detection test, however, given the lower
prevalence and smaller benefit in this age group.
Table 31-3 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute
Pharyngitis
Age
Group ... culture.
and professional societies continue to recommend that all negative rapid antigen-
detection tests in children be confirmed by a throat culture to limit transmission
and complications...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 11) doc
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
...
acyclovir is often needed for primary infections, extensive oral infections, and
from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and
third molars. Improved dental ... resulting in mediastinitis, or it
Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 11)
Pharyngitis: Treatment
Antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis ... odynophagia, and "woody"
edema in the sublingual region, forcing the tongue up and back with the potential
for airway obstruction. Fever, dysarthria, and drooling may also be noted, and
patients...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 12) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
(Part 12)
Infections of the Larynx and Epiglottis
Laryngitis
Laryngitis is defined as any inflammatory process involving the larynx and ... progressive cellulitis of
the epiglottis and adjacent structures that can result in complete and potentially
fatal—airway obstruction in both children and adults. Before the widespread use
of ... nodules and
ulcerations visible on laryngoscopy; these lesions are sometimes mistaken for
laryngeal cancer.
Laryngitis: Treatment
Acute laryngitis is usually treated with humidification and...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 13) potx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... base, and meninges. Once infection reaches these sensitive areas, mortality
rates can be as high as 20–50%.
Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ... and (in
many cases) drooling while sitting forward. Symptoms and signs of respiratory
obstruction may also be present and may progress rapidly. The somewhat milder
illness in adolescents and ... with a tongue blade and indirect laryngoscopy) is not recommended because
of the risk of immediate laryngospasm and complete airway obstruction. Lateral
neck radiographs and laboratory tests...
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