unemployment the output gap and the welfare costs of economic fluctuations
ELA, Promissory Notes and All That: The Fiscal Costs of Anglo Irish Bank pdf
... The balance sheet of the IBRC and the crucial role played by its ELA debts. The process of granting and repayment of ELA and the role of the ECB in this process. The function of the promissory notes and their effect on official debt and deficits. ... from deposits and bond markets and a huge increase in its reliance on central bank borrowing. Table 2 on the next page shows that the building society lost half of its deposit funding between the end of 2007 and the end of 2010 and also paid off almost all of its outstanding debt securities. By the end of ... too big a risk. Combined funding from deposits and debt securities fell from €82 billion at the end of 2007 to €19 billion at the end of 2010. Some of the funds to pay off depositors and bond‐holders came from selling some of the bank’s ...
- 28
- 322
- 0
báo cáo hóa học:" How to calculate the annual costs of NGO-implemented programs to support orphans and vulnerable children: A six-step approach" potx
... costs/ supplies 7300 communications Other NGO other office costs/ supplies 7301 office supplies Other NGO other office costs/ supplies 7310 Audit fee Other NGO other office costs/ supplies 7310 video production ... rate and no resale of the vehicle, the same pmt function yields $2000 (simply the price divided by the number of years) The difference of $637.97 between a 10% and 0% discount rate represents the ... health and social Personnel insurance NGO staff 2100 leave allowance Fringe NGO office 7200 rent or office repairs Other NGO other office costs/ supplies 7100 bank charges Other NGO other office costs/ supplies...
- 53
- 458
- 0
Báo cáo y học: " Measuring the time costs of exercise: a proposed measuring method and a pilot study" doc
... enjoyment), and the only possible solution is to monetarize it [13] When using these theories for measuring the costs of exercise time, the opportunity cost of exercise time and the utility of the activity ... merged, the cost of the time spent on exercise was correlated with a more Strengths and weaknesses of the study The model delivers the costs of time spent on exercise as valued by the participants The ... questions and future research This is the first attempt to measure the costs of the time spent on exercise, and should of course not be seen as the final solution The next step is to use the model and...
- 7
- 222
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Health and economic impact of combining metformin with nateglinide to achieve glycemic control: Comparison of the lifetime costs of complications in the U.K" pps
... Together with the clinical data on the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy, these economic analyses facilitate assessment of the long-term cost-effectiveness from the perspective of the ... level Costs For each complication, the direct medical costs were estimated for the immediate impact of the event (costs arising in the year the event occurs) and the subsequent impact of the complication ... of 10,000 patients over thirty years, the model provides estimates of the mean survival time, the frequency of each type of complication, and the mean accumulated complication and treatment costs...
- 9
- 393
- 1
A Study of the Relative Costs of Network Security Protocols potx
... using the network We tested the impact of a number of protocols to the performance of other jobs (in this case, the sieve) running on the system In Figure 14, we present the execution times of our ... in the case of HTTPS In our final set of experiments, we explore the impact IPsec has on the operation of the system We selected a CPU-intensive job, Sieve of Eratosthenes , which we Sieve of ... are themselves CPU intensive because of the crypto operations, the sieve finished faster When the sieve is run with IPsec traffic, the crypto operations are performed by the kernel and therefore the...
- 8
- 438
- 0
OECD Environment Working Papers No. 2: The Health Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air Pollution potx
... Challenges: the Cost of Inaction will be published in late 2008 It represents the views of the author and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its ... available The opinions expressed in these papers are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or the governments of its member countries Comment on the ... in the context of valuing the health benefits of reducing air pollution The analysis of these methodological issues is beyond the purpose of this report The report is organised as follows The...
- 49
- 403
- 0
The Maintenance Costs of Aging Aircraft - Insights from Commercial Aviation docx
... costs The rest of the maintenance costs were for the engine and for the “burden,” a catchall category including airline overhead, cost of acquiring and maintaining equipment and tools, and other ... file with the DoT indicating the airlines’ maintenance costs and flying hours RAND gathered Form 41 data from the DoT on maintenance costs going back to the 1960s RAND initially gathered the Form ... with the Department of Transportation (DoT) indicating their maintenance costs and flying hours RAND gathered Form 41 data from the DoT on maintenance costs going back to the 1960s Separately, RAND...
- 109
- 519
- 0
flat bed drying including survey results on the drying costs of various drying methods practiced in mekong delta ''''
... method on the use of flat-bed dryer in the Mekong Delta and the cost of drying; and the writing of extension materials for future training courses, based on the outcome of the survey and experiments ... status on the use of flat-bed dryers in Provinces - Writing of the hand-out for use as training materials, based on the outcome of the survey and experiments During the coming second year of the Project, ... drying, as part of the Project activities The problem of non-uniformity of the input materials for testing is reflected with data on the bulk density of the input (wet) as well as the output (dried)...
- 28
- 381
- 0
The true costs of flexible working
... for office-based staff Another potential hazard of flexible working – and one that is contrary to the prevailing stereotype – is the risk of employees working too much “One of the most robust and ... switch off.” Another reason is that employees are so grateful to be able to work flexibly and are usually aware of the stereotype that they will sit in their pyjamas watching TV instead of working—that ... they tend to work longer hours,” explains Dr Beauregard There are a number of possible reasons for this First, when the office is in the home, it can be harder to disconnect “When you leave the...
- 2
- 268
- 0
What lies beneath the hidden costs of entering rapid growth markets
... beneath? The good news story of the global economy The role of the CFO 12 The hidden costs of investing: 16 Financing costs 18 Mode of entry costs 22 Operational costs 28 Regulatory costs 34 ... investing Financing costs Mode of entry costs The hidden costs of investing Operational costs Regulatory costs Human capital costs Political costs 16 What lies beneath? The hidden costs of entering rapid-growth ... at aspects of personal interest to CFOs, and future finance leaders, as they develop themselves and their teams, and learn from others in their community For further information on other titles,...
- 56
- 228
- 0
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS pot
... discussion of the key components of health care reform; and an analysis of the economic effects of slowing health care cost growth and expanding coverage The findings in the report point to large economic ... ht be the fraction of capital and labor devoted to health care (and the fraction of output that takes the form of health care) in the absence of reform, Without reform, fraction – ht of the economy’s ... the improved economic well-being of the newly insured relative to the costs of insuring them We also look at the effects of greater access to coverage on the labor supply behavior of the newly insured...
- 56
- 320
- 0
greed lust and gender a history of economic ideas jan 2010
... table of contents National Income and the Value of Labor Services The Meaning of the Adjectives 18 The Nanny State Fear of Fertility Decline The Family Wage The Fabians The Endowment of Motherhood ... principles The power and the glory of the heavenly Father were metaphorically shared by the lord, and on a smaller scale, the male head of household The internal organization of the lowest level of society, ... chapter The Eye of the Needle Thus it came to pass that every womanly function was considered as the private interest of husbands and fathers, bearing no relation to the life of the State, and therefore...
- 414
- 705
- 0
WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 546 / NOVEMBER 2005: THE NATURAL REAL INTEREST RATE AND THE OUTPUT GAP IN THE EURO AREA A JOINT ESTIMATION doc
... US and Germany The eect of a change in the output gap on ination, on the other hand, seems to be slightly stronger in the euro area compared to the US and Germany The null hypothesis that the ... namely log output yt , log potential output yt , the output gap yt , the actual and the natural real rate and the real rate gap (rt , rt and rt ) and ination t A notable feature of the reported ... disination11 , the output gap turned negative Except for a small positive output gap in the beginning of the 1990s, the output gap remained negative until the start of Stage Three of EMU Interestingly,...
- 32
- 578
- 0
Tài liệu Regressive Taxation and the Welfare State pptx
... welfare state and the construction of the tax state.5 Welfare state development went hand in hand with the development of the tax state owing to the increasing financial needs of the government ... to expand the welfare state, again, unlike the European cases The consequences of the introduction of the VAT in Japan and Canada are distinct from those of their predecessors in Europe and also ... to the expansion of the welfare state? Going beyond simple causality, the spending pressure that arises from the expansion of the welfare state and the revenue-raising power of the tax state have...
- 278
- 754
- 0
Tài liệu The Social Benefits and Economic Costs of Taxation doc
... outcomes; they lead to the withdrawal of the haves from the life of the community and the exclusion of the have-nots; and, generally, inequality diminishes the richness and flourishing of a society ... Zealand, Ireland, Australia, and Canada were the countries in the black, with a surplus of 5.5%, 1.4%, 1% and 0.7% of GDP, respectively But the U.S and the U.K were in the red, with a deficit of ... Efficiency One of the fundamental tenets of classical economics is that there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency The pursuit of social goals must come, to some extent, at the expense of economic...
- 55
- 633
- 0
21st Century Welfare: Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions by Command of Her Majesty pptx
... increasing work incentives and reducing the extent and costs of welfare dependency alongside consideration of reform of the structure of the system Subject to the outcome of this consultation, we ... should the Government consider to reduce the cost of the welfare system and reduce welfare dependency and poverty? Cabinet Office, 2010, State of the Nation report: Poverty, worklessness and welfare ... terms of economies of scale and ensuring national safety nets However, a number of other countries, including Switzerland, the Netherlands and the United States, operate more devolved welfare...
- 52
- 472
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Two CYP17 genes in the South African Angora goat (Capra hircus) – the identification of three genotypes that differ in copy number and steroidogenic output pptx
... respectively The 17,20-lyase action of CYP17 produces the cleavage of the C17,20 bond of 17-OHPREG and 17-OHPROG to yield the adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione ... in the presence of cytochrome b5, which allosterically enhances the 17,20lyase activity of CYP17, and is expressed in the adrenal of similar species [37,38] Eight hours after the addition of the ... both the target and reference genes The PCR efficiencies were calculated from the slopes of the standard curves generated by lightcyclerÒ software (version 3.5) over two orders of magnitude, and...
- 10
- 548
- 0
Regressive Taxation and the Welfare State pot
... welfare state and the construction of the tax state.5 Welfare state development went hand in hand with the development of the tax state owing to the increasing financial needs of the government ... to expand the welfare state, again, unlike the European cases The consequences of the introduction of the VAT in Japan and Canada are distinct from those of their predecessors in Europe and also ... to the expansion of the welfare state? Going beyond simple causality, the spending pressure that arises from the expansion of the welfare state and the revenue-raising power of the tax state have...
- 278
- 1,728
- 0
Population Ageing, Elderly Welfare, and Extending Retirement Cover: The Case Study of Sri Lanka potx
... the supply side and the demand side of the economy The impact of ageing on the supply side can be evaluated in terms of its impact on the determinants of growth – the labour supply, capital and ... growth of worker productivity and the growth in the labour force Economic growth is derived as the sum of these two variables, i.e the rate of output growth is directly related to the growth in the ... advances understanding of the processes of poverty reduction and pro-poor growth in the contemporary global context, and of the design and implementation of policies that promote these objectives...
- 104
- 534
- 0
The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act from 1990 to 2020: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation potx
... application of utility 1-7 The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act fron 1990 to 2020 and other sector-specific emissions models developed and used in various offices of EPA's Office of Air and Radiation ... and Costs of the Clean Air Act fron 1990 to 2020 CHAPTER - DIRECT COSTS The costs of complying with the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 will affect all levels of the ... with the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS, the PM2.5 NAAQS, and the Clean Air Visibility Rule, using the proposed or promulgated forms of these rules as of January 2008 2-7 The Benefits and Costs of the Clean...
- 238
- 463
- 0
Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct mở máy động cơ lồng sóc các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008