types of common sense knowledge needed for recognizing textual entailment
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Types of Common-Sense Knowledge Needed for Recognizing Textual Entailment" ppt
... reads our proofs from start to finish,the flow of the argument indicates which of theseforms is intended, but for annotators quickly read-ing through the proofs, the two kinds of knowledge can ... ourset of categories. Further surveys would be requiredto validate this idea.The 20 categories of knowledge covered 215(97%) of the 221 statements of world knowledge in our proofs. Of the ... fraction of common- sense knowledge can be captured by the sets of cate-gories we describe here. Thus these categories serveto point out promising areas for further research incollecting common- sense...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Modular Open-Source System for Recognizing Textual Entailment" pot
... that the obtained proof is valid, i.e.,the transformations along the proof preserve entail-ment from the meaning of T.The main type of transformations is application of entailment- rules (Bar-Haim ... the proof steps,the cost of each step and the final score. For eachtransformation the tool presents the parse tree beforeand after applying the transformation, highlightingthe impact of this ... visually.3.2 Use casesDevelopers of knowledge resources, as well as other types of transformations, can be aided by Tracer asfollows. Applying an entailment rule is a process of first matching the rule’s...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "An Open-Source Package for Recognizing Textual Entailment" pdf
... problem of mapping the whole content of Hinto the content of T. Mappings are performedas sequences of editing operations (i.e. insertion,deletion, substitution of text portions) needed totransform ... ex-ternal knowledge represented as rules (see Section3.4). Besides the definition of a single Entailment Engine, a unique feature of EDITS is that it al-lows for the combination of multiple Entailment Engines ... Learning Textual Entailment using SVMs andString Similarity Measures. Proc. of the ACL ’07Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing.Ido Dagan and 0ren Glickman 2004. Probabilistic Textual Entailment: ...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Logic-based Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment" ppt
... automati-cally generated before the search for a proof starts.Additionally, the prover uses a SUMO knowledge base of temporal reasoning axioms that consists of axioms for a representation of time points ... the logic forms of the glosses provided by eXtended WordNet8to, automatically, create our world knowledge axioms. For example, the first sense of noun Popeand its definition the head of the Roman ... and the cost of insertinga word from varies with the part- of- speech of the inserted word (higher values for WordNet nouns, adjectives or adverbs, lower for verbs and a minimum value for everything...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Methods for Using Textual Entailment in Open-Domain Question Answering" doc
... TypeExpectedKeywordsModuleAnswerProcessing(AP)Ranked List of Answers TEXTUAL ENTAILMENT Method 1 TEXTUAL ENTAILMENT Method 2List of QuestionsGenerationAUTO−QUABRanked List of Paragraphs TEXTUAL ENTAILMENT Method 3Entailed ... for further pro-cessing and validation.3 The Textual Entailment SystemProcessing textual entailment, or recognizing whether the information expressed in a text can beinferred from the information ... waysthat a state -of- the-art textual entailment systemcould be used to enhance the performance of anopen-domain Q/A system. We have shown thatwhen textual entailment information is used to ei-ther...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Inference Rules and their Application to Recognizing Textual Entailment" ppt
... relevant fragments of the text.A different issue remains the fact that a lot of ruleswe could use for textual entailment detection arestill lacking. A proper study of the limitations of the DH as ... lexical-syntactic level for textual entailment recognition. In Proceedings of the ACL-PASCALWorkshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing,pages 131–136, Prague, June. Association for Com-putational ... Dependency-based paraphrasing for recog-nizing textual entailment. In Proceedings of theACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment andParaphrasing, pages 83–88, Prague, June. Associa-tion for Computational...
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Metaphor, based on the association of similarity, is one of the two basic types of semantic transference that have been an interest for many linguistic researchers
... realized by means of a clause, but rather by means of another type of form, such as a noun phrase, as in the example at hand. In this sense, grammatical metaphor again involves a type of metaphorical ... discourse37 Before we continue, let us not forget that: “One of the major functions of metaphor is to express emotion” (Goatly 1997: 158).Emotion metaphors form an extensive group in the taxonomy of metaphors. ... 17 for more information) 4. Metaphor in poetryThe use of metaphor in poetry is one of the most important aspects of poetic style that must be mastered. Metaphor can be described as figure of...
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Tài liệu Improvements Needed for SAVE To Accurately Determine Immigration Status of Individuals Ordered Deported doc
... GAO/OIG Liaison Office Assistant Secretary for Office of Policy Assistant Secretary for Office of Public Affairs Assistant Secretary for Office of Legislative Affairs Director of USCIS USCIS ... Abbreviations CPMS Customer Profile Management System DHS Department of Homeland Security DOJ U.S. Department of Justice EARM ENFORCE Alien Removal Module EOIR Executive Office for Immigration Review ... final order of removal to result in an actual departure, the admission code can be out of date for a number of years. According to Verification Division officials, the accuracy of SAVE’s response...
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Tài liệu Report produced for the EC funded project - INNOREGIO: dissemination of innovation and knowledge management techniques pdf
... and implementation of good project managementpractice• work for effective use of tools and methods• work for a common well defined project management knowledge base• work for high quality in ... applicationPlanview PM Software offers a "downloadable" demo of their productwww.planview.comTrakker software for integrating PM and accounting controlswww.dttrakker.comRisk Analysis Softwarewww.agoron.com/~sphygmic/riskmast.htmOpen ... emerged because of the growing demand for complex, sophisticated,customized goods and services and the exponential expansion of human knowledge. Theformer depends on the integration of product design...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Hypoxia reduces the expression of heme oxygenase-2 in various types of human cell lines A possible strategy for the maintenance of intracellular heme level pdf
... degrada-tion in the population of hemoglobin-positive cells.To the best of our knowledge, there has been noreport on the promoter function of the human HO-2Fig. 7. Characterization of the human heme oxygenase ... Special Research Grant,the Center for Innovative Therapeutic Development for Common Diseases, from the Ministry of Educa-tion, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. This studywas also supported ... and expression of cDNA for rat heme oxyge-nase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82, 7865–7869.4 Maines MD, Trakshel GM & Kutty RK (1986) Char-acterization of two constitutive forms of rat livermicrosomal...
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Tài liệu HOW TO HANDLE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RETAIL SHOPPERS AND MAKE SHOPPING A MEMORABLE EXPERIENCE FOR THEM pdf
... him/her their wide knowledge base. STRATEGY TO HANDLE SUCH TYPE OF CUSTOMERS: Acknowledge and appreciate their wisdom and knowledge. Don‟t be cross with them. Such types of shoppers are easily ... to be informed. Offer special discounts, offers and schemes specifically designed for these shoppers. Although whatever best you do for them, is not enough. Yet the more services you offer them, ... TO HANDLE SUCH TYPE OF CUSTOMERS: These types of customers can be easily identified by the way they react to the assistance offered to them. Such types of customers prefer to be left alone and...
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EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEST SYMPTOMS FOR DIAGNOSING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CASES IN COMMUNITY SURVEYS pot
... additionalcriterion for detection of cases. Two samples of sputum specimens were collected from those whowere symptomatic and/or abnormal on X-raysuggestive of TB and processed for identification of cases. ... definition of symptomatics for screening thepopulation in community surveys.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors acknowledge all field staff of Tiruvallur, Epidemiology Unit in meticulouscollection of data ... Distribution of symptomatics and number of cases identified in three surveysP. G. GOPI ET AL Surveys No. Eligible No. Examined (%) No. of symptomatics (%) No. of sputum examined (%) No. of...
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Báo cáo Y học: Functional epitope of common c chain for interleukin-4 binding ppt
... Germany)1 of the ternarycomplex of IL-4–IL-4BP–cc. This old model was based onthe struc ture of f ree IL-4 (PDB entry 1 HIK [ 38]) a nd of models of the e xtracellular domains of IL-4Ra and ... of IL-4.The loss of free e nergy o f binding on mutation was calculated a sddG ¼ 5.69 log Kd(mut)/Kd(wt). ddGsumis the sum of th e l osses of f reeenergy of binding upon m ut ation for ... 8860M)1Æcm)1 for IL-4, e280¼ 7370M)1Æcm)1 for A124 IL-4, e280=66 930M)1Æcm)1 for IL-4BP, e280¼ 61 450M)1Æcm)1 for human cc, e280¼ 60 170M)1Æcm)1 for A103 human cc,and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Complexes of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 a-amylase 1 and pullulan model oligossacharides provide new insight into the mechanism for recognizing substrates with a-(1,6) glycosidic linkages docx
... particular is a responsible for recognizing pullulan.The affinity of pullulan for site-NA is thought to beless than that for site-N and ⁄ or the affinity of starch for site-NA, because only two ... sub-sites that are more suitable for pullulan than for starch.Phe313 changes the conformation of its side chaindepending on the structure of the substrate to formfavorable interactions with ... shape of the cata-lytic cleft at (–) subsites of TVAI is responsible for therecognition of both starch and pullulan.Catalytic site structures of D356N ⁄ E396Q ⁄ P2 andD356N ⁄ E396Q ⁄ P5 recognizing...
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Báo cáo khoa học: A new paradigm for oxygen binding involving two types of ab contacts docx
... pH-Dependencies of the autoxidation rateIf the values of kfand ksare plotted against the pH of thesolution, we can obtain a pH profile for the stability of HbO2. Fig. 3 shows such profiles for both of ... conversion.As a matter of fact, the oxidation product of the isolatedb chain was not for the usual ferric met-form but for itsadmixture with haemichrome. In this way, the noticeablestability of human HbO2depends ... mono-meric form (87%) was predominant in the a chain, whilethe tetrameric form (99%) was predominant in the b chain.This estimation was made on the basis of the results of McDonald et al. [16]. As for...
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