... (acceptor phase) present inthe lumen of hollow fiber, resulting in twophase LPME where analytes are finally extracted into the organic phaseThe extraction process ofthe two- phase LPME for analyte ... and Ms Wu Jingming for their help during the course of this project Special thanks to Xiaofeng for her insight to the project; Junie for proofreading this thesis; Elaine and Debbie for their friendship ... organic phase immobilized within the pores ofthe hollow fiberInthe second step, the analytes are back-extracted into another aqueous phase held inside the lumen ofthe hollow fiberFor analyte...
... internal standardization, ageing ofthe SPME fiber is challenging, as is the variation ofthe MS performance Since a correction method for routine analysis is missing for MS, the alternative is to measure ... concentrations ofthe test substance They are then transferred to a medium free ofthe test substance forthe depuration phaseThe concentration ofthe test substance inthe fish is followed through both phases ... contamination [4] The principle of SPME is the partitioning of analytes from the sample to a coated fiberinthe course of an equilibration This process is highly dependent on the characteristics of...
... into the hollow fiber These two steps were performed in n-nonane For solvent impregnation, thefiber was dipped with n-nonane for 10s The solvent entered through the pores ofthefiber into the ... possibly because the fraction ofthe organic solvent which is immobilized inthe pores ofthe hollow fiber is not available for further analysis; only the fraction present inthefiber channel may ... to convert solid sample to a liquid form and permits the direct use ofsolidphase extraction materials intheanalysisofsolid samples 1.2 Scope of our project The main objectives of this work...
... successful metabolic engineering of freezing tolerance in plants should include such an analysisofthe dynamics of metabolism to gain comprehensive information about the effects of individual overexpression ... measure of how exposure to °C in uenced the process of photosynthesis, gas exchange of plants was measured by infrared gas analysis Measurements were performed during the first h 508 ofthe light phase, ... uptake per hour Data points were spline-interpolated to obtain timecontinuous information on net photosynthesis during the whole period of cold exposure The rate of raffinose synthesis, rSuc fi Raf,...
... and, inthe case ofthe sample uptake tubing, care must also be taken to avoid contamination ofthe sample through contact with the tubing material For routine analysisof organic solvents, the ... Removal of carbon The presence of high levels of organic solvent inthe sample aerosol can lead to deposition of carbon (soot) on the sampling cone, eventually leading to clogging ofthe cone ... droplets into the plasma Typically, a 20% oxygen in argon is used, rather than pure oxygen, avoiding the use of highly flammable or explosive gases inthe laboratory The oxygen is added either in the...
... data mining and colinearity, the approach should also reduce the dimensions ofthe data with a minimum of information loss It must accomplish this reduction without losing the ability to interpret ... to the variance of a spectra The choice of r – degrees of freedom inthe numerator ofthe F-ratio test instead of was adopted to keep the experiment-wide error rate at 0.05 or better [38] The ... i ) is the estimated variance-covariance matrix ofthe fixed parameter vector The probability of obtaining a larger T2 under the null hypothesis of equality was obtained from the Hotelling distribution...
... means ofthe comparison ofthe RAPD marker frequencies of a subsampling of these progenies and ofthe adult population Analysisofthe morphological characters MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling The ... the individuals and all the characters were included intheanalysis (DFAa) Second, the individuals ofthe groups ses/ses and ped/ped were considered as principal points, and individuals ofthe ... pedunculate oak The progenies were two tetmoy which, in classified inthetwo groups as it was expected knowing thetwo species of their maternal parent tree, except two seedlings ofthe family 396...
... embedded inthe preformed cylinder and pre-cultured fortwo days (e) The SFB suspension was then applied and (f) left for three hours for settling and initial adherence ofthe SFB on the cartilage ... potent inductors of aggrecanase activity in both cases, underlining the key role of these cytokines in proteoglycan depletion On the other hand, the clearly increased aggrecan activity in co-cultures ... types in an experimental setting which reflects prominent features of joint destruction in RA Inthe long run, the system may allow the testing/screening ofthe molecular basis and efficacy of new...
... changes in secreted proteins, such as cytokines and chemokines Conclusion In conclusion, the findings ofthe present study show the reliability of ST analysis using a DIA system forthe evaluation of ... out ofthe 10 patients inthe prednisolone group responded versus none ofthe nine patients inthe placebo group To determine whether the same observer identified the same differences inthe ... levels regarding the detection of stained antigen, nuclear staining and background staining After the analysis, all observers independently calculated the mean change inthe total number of positive...
... placement of strain 10 Inthe initial analysis (figure A), strain 10 was depicted as the most divergent strain inthe second cluster and was one ofthe strains in l which the frequency of A was 0.75 In ... most 1.15 Principal coordinates analysisin another way of looking at the relationship among strains The results are summarized inthe plot in figure Two axes account for much ofthe variation ... test the degree of segregation in a single isofemale line, several single-pair matings are made between a standard genetic strain and the isofemale strain For example, 25 single-pair crosses of...
... SBEIIa-D(A201T) the amino acid change induced by the EMS treatment is located inthe region ofthe N-terminal domain ofthe glycogen branching enzyme family, reported to be essential forthe size ofthe ... caused the loss oftwoofthe seven amino acids involved inthe binding and catalytic activity in normal SBEIIa protein, respectively Arg465 and Asp467 Analysisof SBEIIa-transcripts inthe knock ... product showed the inclusion ofthe intron V, whereas the smaller one was found to contain a deletion ofthe first seven nucleotides of exon VI The presence ofthe intron V inthe longer transcript...
... inthe presence or absence ofthe individual chemotherapeutic agents including carboplatin, vinorelbine or gemcitabine These cytotoxic drugs are widely used for treatment of human NCSCL carcinomas ... assay using 2-photon microscopy intwo separate experiments To analyze the effects of conventional chemotherapy in STST, each ofthe chemotherapeutic agents including carboplatin, vinorelbine and ... was involved inthe design ofthe study, evaluation ofthe results and covered the clinical part EV was involved inthe design ofthe study and histomorphological evaluation TG conceived the...
... event, and none ofthe noise, in a single window Therefore, in most ChIP-chip experiments the window size should be adjusted to approximately the average shear size ofthe chromatin The average shear ... whereas the windows with the highest average contain only two elements (A and B) In this case, the center ofthe window with the highest P value is located about 80 bases from the actual binding ... variance equal to the variance of a single log ratio divided by the number of elements inthe window Thus, the nominal P value for a window with average ratio w can be calculated using the standard...
... the antibody detected the incorporation ofthe thymidine analog BrdU into the replicated DNA An antibody specific forthe activated form ofthe caspase-3 apoptosis regulator was employed inthe ... the main prerequisite is a uniform, quantitative and comparable analysisofthe raw data in order to integrate efficiently the information collected Analyzing and managing the vast amount of data ... details of which can be displayed on demand by hyperlinking them to the corresponding well icons inthe plate plot The reader is directed to the online complement [32] for an interactive example Using...
... of genes from a set S within the sorted list (B) Plot finding; it is computed by comparing ofthe running sum for S inthe data set, including the location ofthe maximum null distributions for ... direct-group methods The principle behind selecting these small subnetworks is crucial to the biological interpretation ofthe results In addition, the scoring of subnetworks for statistical significance ... microarray and the number of ways of sampling (n − k) non-DEGs inthe pathway from (N − K) non-DEGs inthe microarray, and the denominator is the number of ways of sampling n genes inthe pathway from...
... method forthe studies of many groups ofcompoundsThe improvement of sensitivity and the miniaturization of CE technique are two major trends of capillary electrophoresis which have gain more ... The usefulness ofthe method was demonstrated by detecting the major components in aminoglycoside antibiotic mixtures Gentamicin was separated into several peaks in 15 minutes, and neomycin into ... mode and the xiv modified one However, further enhancement ofthe stacking efficiency inthe modified mode rested on the relative stability ofthe displacer-carrier complex to that ofthe solute-carrier...
... siphoning injection and electrokinetic injection [6] In pressure injection, the inlet end ofthe capillary is immersed inthe sample and the other end inthe buffer Sample is introduced by either ... on the siphoning of sample into the capillary by elevating the inlet end ofthe capillary relative to the outlet end These two injection methods can be generalized as hydrodynamic injection The ... (gentamicin and neomycin) and a conditional essential element (carnitine) The main challenge intheanalysisof gentamicin was the separation ofthe minor components, as well as their enantiomers These...
... method, i.e the outputs ofthe training examples are known and the purpose is to predict the output of new example In most ofthe cases, the outputs are either oftwo classes Hence, the task is ... measurement ofthe data in term of its distribution The value ofthe score is high if thetwo means ofthe classes are very different and the data of each class are crowded near the mean ofthe data ... (2000), Inthe thesis, we will use (2.1) 2.2 Information Gain Information gain is a filter method that is based on entropy (information theory) Entropy is a measurement of uncertainty in a system The...
... raise the buffer’s viscosity and thereby lowering the strength ofthe EOF The EOF, thus, determines the times at which the charged compounds migrate out When a strong EOF is generated in normal ... extraction of an endogenous nucleoside, adenosine, was investigated The extraction served to aid in improving the detection of adenosine via pre-concentrating the adenosine in a small volume of extractant ... from soft lithography lies in that the polymer is partially cured using UV light before removing it from the template The final product is then obtained with complete curing against another partially...
... employ the internal standard at the end ofthe procedure (to an aliquot ofthe final extract) assuming the volume ofthe organic phase as being exactly 10 mL It should be furthermore noted that the ... protected by delaying the hydrogen flow into the NPD during the first minutes of a run • If large volume injection cannot be performed and the desired detection limits ofthecompoundsof interest cannot ... lost The extent of losses depends on the amount of lipids inthe sample as well as on the polarity ofthe analytes with the most non-polar ones showing the highest losses Inthe presence of elevated...