... driver to interrupt dur-
ing dialogue- or driving-induced workload, while
the passenger rarely interrupts during dialogue-
induced and never during driving-induced work-
load.
dialogue-
induced
possible ... respectively.
dialogue-
induced
possibly
driving-
induced
driving-
induced
low
workload
Page 1
Figure 5: Workload while the driver is interrupting
an interview topic.
dialogue-
induced
possibly
driving-
induced
driving-
induced
low ... work-
load.
dialogue-
induced
possible
driving-
induced
driving-
induced
low
workload
Page 1
Figure 7: Workload while driver is resuming to the
interview domain.
dialogue-
induced
possible
driving-
induced
driving-
induced
low...
... the
multi-modal setting.
Novel aspects in turn planning and realization
include the comprehensive modeling in a sin-
gle, OWL-based ontology and an extended range
of context-sensitive variation, including system
alignment ... for
discourse processing in a multimodal dialogue system. In
Proceedings of the 2nd IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge
and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Seattle,
Washington, August.
[Baldridge ... of the dialogue manager which implement
conversation acts (Blaylock and Allen, 2005).
The model is then specialized to a domain by
inheriting and instantiating domain-specific types
and instances...
...
Krogh, E. Levin and R. Pieraccini. 2007. Technical
Support Dialog Systems: Issues, Problems, and Solu-
tions. In Proc. of Workshop on Bridging the Gap:
Academic and Industrial Research inDialog ... result, the instruction did not match
the initial essay quality. Nonetheless, in the open-
question interviews, many users indicated using
the NM as a reference while updating their essay.
In addition ... B. Clark and S.
Peters. 2006. Responding to Student Uncertainty in
Spoken Tutorial Dialogue Systems. International
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 16.
C. Rich and C. L. Sidner....
... antecedent of a
Commit
is an
AD+O
and indeterminate, the intervening dialogue
renders the solution size determinate.
In 6 out of the 7 indeterminate antecedent
AD+Os,
our hypothesis is ... 1998. Dialog act model-
ing for conversational speech. AAAI Spring Sym-
posium on
Applying Machine Learning to Dis-
course Processing.
Richmond H. Thomason and Jerry R. Hobbs. 1997.
Interrelating ... 1993.
Informational Redun-
dancy and Resource Bounds in Dialogue.
Ph.D.
thesis, University of Pennsylvania, December.
Marilyn A. Walker. 1996. Inferring acceptance and
rejection in dialogue...
... in the context of informing work on spoken
dialogue systems, is somewhat at odds with previous think-
ing about turn-taking. Although turn-taking behaviour is cul-
turally dependent , human dialogue ... to
calculate our input features.
We identify Giver TRPs using existing dialogue
structure coding. The Map Task Corpus has been seg-
mented by hand into dialogue moves, as described in
(Carletta et ... below 400ms, and increasing the thresh-
old value in increments of 100ms.
Table 2 shows the values for the highest perform-
ing models. The model that only inserts continuers in
pauses over 900...
... dif-
ferentiate initiative (which they call dialogue ini-
tiative) from task initiative. They define dialogue
initiative by stating that it "tracks the lead in de-
termining the current ... an-
notated using changes in initiative as a starting point; these
changes were taken as marking either a segment endpoint or
the beginning of a nested segment.
tion following a question takes initiative. ... Rules for Assigning Initiative
about the effectiveness of Socratic tutoring in the
BEE domain or Socratic tutoring in general.
3.2 Initiative Annotation Method
The two definitions of initiative we...
... for
cooperative response generation in information dialogues.
In AAAI/IAAI 1999 pp. 148–155.
M. Steedman 2000. Information structure and the syntax-
phonology interface. In Linguistic Inquiry, 31(4): 649–
689.
A. ... of interest for any rational user. All dominant
options represent some tradeoff, but depending on
the user’s interest, some of them are more interest-
ing tradeoffs than others.
Pruning dominated ... group-average
clustering. The algorithm begins by assigning
each unique attribute value to its own bin, and suc-
cessively merging adjacent bins whenever the dif-
ference between the means of the bins falls...
... of entrainment capture
different aspects of dialogue coordination and that
exploring various formulations of entrainment de-
serves future attention.
3.3 Dialogue coordination
The coordination ... pro-
duction and comprehension in dialogue. In
this paper we examine novel types of entrain-
ment in two corpora—Switchboard and the
Columbia Games corpus. We examine en-
trainment in use of high-frequency ... Social Intelligence. Bantam.
K. Niederhoffer and J. Pennebaker. 2002. Linguistic
style matching in social interaction.
M. J. Pickering and S. Garrod. 2004. Toward a mecha-
nistic psychology of dialogue....
... semantic role chunking using support vector
machines.
In HLT-03.
R. Higashinaka, N. Miyazaki, M. Nakano, and K. Ai-
kawa. 2004. Evaluating Discourse Understanding in
Spoken Dialogue Systems. ... systems, since the more accurate information
obtained by the machine (Higashinaka et al., 2004),
the more possibility to finish the dialogue task.
Practical use of speech act theories in spoken ... evaluat-
ing spoken dialogue agents.
In Proceedings of the
ACL,
271–280
M. Walker and R. Passonneau. 2001. DATE: a dia-
logue act tagging scheme for evaluation of spoken
dialogue systems.
In...
... tuning.
Future work points in two directions: first, inte-
grating our methodology into working ISU-based
dialogue systems and determining whether or not
they improve in terms of standard dialogue ... used by a dialogue manager to decide appro-
priate system reactions. The approach is novel in
combining machine learning with n-best processing
for spoken dialogue systems using the Information
State ... the remaining data into an
80% training and 20% test set.
3. Run TiMBL with all possible parameter set-
tings on the generated training and test sets
and store the best performing settings.
4....
... Compar-
ing linguistic features for modeling learning in com-
puter tutoring. In Proceedings of the 2007 confer-
ence on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Build-
ing Technology Rich Learning Contexts ... B. Steinhauser, Gwendolyn E.
Campbell, Elaine Farrow, and Charles B. Callaway.
2010a. Intelligent tutoring with natural language
support in the Beetle II system. In Sustaining TEL:
From Innovation ... variance in the training data. This is expected,
since interpretation performance is not the only
factor in uencing the objective outcome: other
factors, such choosing the the appropriate tutor-
ing...
... referring expressions to refer to the
domain entities in the instructions.
Figure 1: System User Interaction (learning)
4.1 Dialogue Manager
The dialogue manager identifies the next instruc-
tion (dialogue ... variable
for each domain entity.
73
6.2 Learning
The REG module was trained in learning mode us-
ing the above reward function using the SHAR-
SHA reinforcement learning algorithm (with lin-
ear function ... (Learned HS) during training. It can be
seen in the figure 2 that towards the end the curve
plateaus signifying that learning has converged.
Figure 2: Learning curves - Training
7 Evaluation
In this section,...
... embedded within a
FORMULA in the Actor relation with respect to the head contain’]
contain( , )
CONTAINMENT(container , containee )
[’the Containment relation involves a predicate contain and its ... [A
gilt]
CAUSE
, alle x, die in A sind sind nicht in B
[As A applies, all x that are in A are not in B]
Wenn [A
]
COND
, dann A B=
[If A , then A B= ]
Da
gilt, [alle x, die in A sind sind nicht in B]
RES
Wenn ... understanding
module for a flexible dialog system tutoring math-
ematical problem solving, in particular, theorem
proving (Benzm¨uller et al., 2003a).
1
As empirical
findings in the area of intelligent...
... developed for
bilingual dialogue in a voice-to-voice machine
translation application. In this application, the
Dialogue Manager is available for meta-
dialogues with either user (as in
Could you ... in
these near-future examples.
3.2.1 Dialogue with a Back-End Computer
The first three examples illustrate dialogues in
which a human is talking to a computer. One
dimension distinguishing ...
logue types in complex interrelations. These
example dialogues have more primitive cousins
under development today.
Briefly, our example dialogue types are listed in
Table 3.
Dialogue
with...
... role in coordinating initia-
tive shifts in face-to-face interactions, a great deal of
information regarding initiative shifts can be extracted
from utterances based on linguistic and domain ... follows: in the TRAINS domain,
the system; in the airline domain, the travel agent; in the map-
task domain, the instruction giver; and in the switchboard dia-
logues, the agent who holds the dialogue ...
Abstract
In this paper, we argue for the need to dis-
tinguish between task and dialogue initiatives,
and present a model for tracking shifts in both
types of initiatives in dialogue interactions....