thiamin in the citric acid cycle
Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants pdf
... tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle by examining the individual phylogenies of the 21 subunits comprising the 14 enzymes of these pathways as they occur in eukaryotes, speci®cally in higher ... (c) the rerouting of nuclear-encoded proteins into novel evolutionary compartments In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, or tricarboxylic acid cycle) is an important pathway in that ... both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle are catalyzed by differentially compartmentalized isoenzymes, analogous to the chloroplast cytosol isoenzymes involved in the Calvin cycle...
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The Economics of Small Business Finance: The Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth Cycle potx
... evaluate the personal finances of the inside owners including assets that are not invested in the firm so these personal assets also have a bearing on the capital structure of the firm Finally, the ... individual loans issued by a sample of banks, including the largest banks in the nation Beginning in 1997, the STBL includes the banks’ risk ratings on their individual loans, and data on loans issued ... were needed in the early stages These data also speak to the issue of insider finance versus outsider finance and how they vary over the financial growth cycle Like the Wisconsin data, these weighted...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Analysis of the contribution of changes in mRNA stability to the changes in steady-state levels of cyclin mRNA in the mammalian cell cycle doc
... the cell cycle [11–15] Certain transacting proteins such as HuR were proposed as regulators of changes in mRNA stability during the cell cycle [15] In this context it is of interest that during ... well with the estimated doubling time of EL4 cells in logarithmic growth No major variation in the mRNA half-life of cyclin mRNAs in the cell cycle In order to test whether changes in mRNA steadystate ... about h for cyclin E1 mRNA and 3– 4.5 h for the other transcripts in most cell cycle phases These values are close to those obtained by real-time PCR Only in the case of the short cyclin A2 and B1...
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CHAPTER 4: THE CITRIC ACID AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ppt
... the citric acid cycle; 12 INTRODUCTION Describe the role of the reduced electron carriers and their role in coupling the citric acid cycle to downstream reactions that produce ATP; Describe the ... Acetyl-CoA initiates the citric acid cycle 31 FIG 11: acetyl-CoA is the initiator of CAC 32 REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS Acetyl-CoA is further oxidized in the citric acid cycle As you learn each step in the ... help meet their energetic and molecular needs In respiring prokaryotes, the citric acid cycle takes place in the cytosol In eukaryotic cells, such as the cells of the human body, the cycle takes...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Hepatitis C Virus entry: the early steps in the viral replication cycle" ppt
... these proteins, in vivo, in the tightening of skin [104], the blood brain barrier [105], myelin sheets and Sertoli cell layers [106], and the epithelial in the inner ear [107], respectively The ... Nterminal is ~7 amino acids, the first extracellular loop (ECL1) is ~50 amino acids, the intracellular loop ~12 amino acids, the second intracellular loop (ECL2) is ~25 amino acids, and the C-terminal ... with other transmembrane proteins and regulate post-ligand binding events, including integrinmediated adhesion strengthening The c-terminus of CD81, CD151, and other tetraspanins meet the criteria...
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Báo cáo y học: "Inhibition of early steps in the lentiviral replication cycle by cathelicidin host defense peptides" pptx
... [9] Cathelicidins have since been identified in many other species including hCAP18/LL37 in humans [10], protegrins in swine [11-13], CRAMP in mice [14,15] and SMAP29 in sheep [16] Many of these ... dependent Therefore, increasing the selectivity of HDPs for early steps in the viral replication cycle seems to be necessary for further development of the human cathelicidin LL37 and the porcine Protegrin-1 ... effect against the lentiviral vector was determined by preincubation of the vector with human cathelicidin LL37, recombinant human β-Defensin-2, porcine PG-1, fungal Plectasin and Novispirin G10...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Stage specific expression of poly(malic acid)-affiliated genes in the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum Spherulin 3b and polymalatase potx
... spherulin 3a and NKA48 contain only a single domain fold The stability of these two proteins is highly dependent on calcium binding [25] The typical domain motives contain a ‘tyrosine corner’ in the ... amino acid residues) pair to form a domain The domain fold contains a pair of calcium binding sites While the bc-crystallins of lens (not shown) and lower organisms in Fig contain two domain ... are involved in calcium binding [24] The residues in the conserved tyrosine corners are in bold [24] ‘Greek key’ motifs are highlighted with underlines: single line, first motif; broken line,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of isocitrate dehydrogenase from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola A carbon dioxide-fixing enzyme in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle ppt
... was introduced into E coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant cells were cultured in Luria–Bertani medium containing 50 lgÆmL)1 ampicillin at 37 °C Expression of idh in the recombinant cells under the ... could suppress the cycle in order to change the carbon flux to other pathways, such as glutamate biosynthesis, under the condition of excess turnover of the RTCA cycle Further studies of the enzyme ... [23] In addition, the alkylation of the adjacent M258 inactivated the IDH from A vinelandii [26] These Lys and Met residues were conserved in Cl-IDH at the position of 256 and 259, respectively In...
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Báo cáo y học: "validation of the ERS standard citric acid cough challenge in healthy adult volunteers" pps
... received a single inhalation of each concentration of citric acid; between each inhalation was a 30 second interval The cough response during the first 15 seconds of this interval was recorded The concentration ... attain either a C2 or C5 and thus are not included in the analysis Of the 39 volunteers achieving a C2 only 43% of these achieved a C5 in both methods We therefore focus our analysis on the C2 ... all time points tested In using C2 the mean difference between the two methods was 0.098 log, close to zero indicating the two methods are producing similar results at least on the baseline measurement,...
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International Capital Flows and Boom-Bust Cycles in the Asia Pacific Region +
... flows increases output in most countries, and the increase in output is mostly due to a boom in consumption and investment The findings, especially for the case of the full sample including the ... correlation in general increased in the 1990s from the previous periods This is mostly due to the industrial countries in the sample In conclusion, we can summarize the main characteristics of the business ... movements Finally, business cycles in general are more synchronized across countries in the 1990s than in the 1980s, which supports the view that financial integration increases business cycle synchronization...
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Báo cáo y học: Esterified Hyaluronic Acid and Autologous Bone in the Surgical Correction of the Infra-Bone Defects"
... recession, i.e the position of the gingival margin with respect to the cement enamel junction (CEJ); • CAL (clinical attachment level): i.e the position of the attachment in relationship to the CEJ; ... in manipulating and accelerating the wound healing process in a large number of medical disciplines, as evident in ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry and rheumatology [10,11] Based up on these ... and the graft material was locally administered Finally, the flap was re-positioned and sutured with single stitches Firm pressure was exerted with fingers for - minutes using a gauze dipped in...
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) of an energy recovery plant in the olive oil industries
... and the exhaust gases are utilized for the production of the steam in the closed cycle According to the standard ISO 14044, the functional unit is defined as the reference unit through which the ... the input of recycled materials to a product system is included in the data set without adding the data on environmental impacts caused in earlier life cycles In the waste case the environmental ... happened in the virgin pomace and further allow the extraction of pomace oil In Table the inventory per kg of the dry pomace is illustrated 4.2 The oil extraction process Hexane is used for the extraction...
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The conditions in Africa and Eurasia during the last glacial cycle
... and Eurasia during the last glacial cycle 141 The relative in uence of wet and arid cycles will have varied during glacial– interglacial cycles (Narcisi, 2001) In southern Europe, in particular, ... 2002) Corresponding altitude shifts in vegetation occurred in the major mountain blocks (Wooller et al., 2003) The Sahara changed dramatically during these cycles During the last interglacial, ... the Russian Plain during the Briansk Interstadial with the southern limit of the range of a number of Arctic plants being 1200 km further south than today (and a further 600 km during OIS 2) Steppe...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Interruption of triacylglycerol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum is the initiating event for saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in liver cells pdf
... TAG synthesis was initially hindered following stearate administration and was completely interrupted at longer incubation periods Interestingly, the interruption of TAG synthesis preceded the appearance ... supporting the notion that it constitutes the initiating event in the process of lipotoxicity Stearate has to be activated in order to be toxic The first enzyme involved in metabolism of FFAs after their ... identify the key event(s) responsible for these differences, we examined the main steps involved, following the uptake of satu- rated and unsaturated FFAs into the cells After their internalization,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The central role of CDE/CHR promoter elements in the regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene transcription pdf
... by Lin-54 binding to the CHR, cooperating with E2F4 binding to the CDE in EMSAs in vitro [86] ChIP experiments on the Cdc2 gene also provided insights into the association of other cell cycle ... proteins with the promoter E2F4 binding during the cell cycle coincides with the binding of p107 or p130 [61,85] Another E2F site distal to the E2F ⁄ CDE acts as an activating element binding ... stronger in G2 ⁄ M than in G1 [44] This contradicts repression through a complex in G1 and in vivo footprinting results in the original definition of the sites [10] Taken together, the sites in the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Implication of the glutamine synthetase ⁄glutamate synthase pathway in conditioning the amino acid metabolism in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves doc
... serine and glycine was reduced from 33% in the light to 25% in the dark (Fig 7A) Glutamine and asparagine were the major amino acids in the xylem sap in both the light (63% of the total amino acids) ... et al acid synthesis in these cells, from which the amino acids are loaded to the phloem for the grain In the phloem sap, glutamine is the preferred nitrogen carrier rather than asparagine (Table ... We assessed the role of the GS GOGAT cycle in the nitrogen assimilation between MCs and BSCs in the amino acid synthesis and remobilization during the early phase of grain lling in Zea mays...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A genetic screen identifies mutations in the yeastWAR1 gene, linking transcription factor phosphorylation to weak-acid stress adaptation docx
... binuclear DNA-binding zinc cluster at the N-terminus, whereas the acidic activation domain is usually present at the C-terminus The middle homology region (MHR) bridging the DNA-binding and the activation ... were raised in rabbits against a GST-War1p fusion protein containing 294 amino acids of the C-terminal part of War1p (amino acids 650– 944) fused in- frame to the C-terminus of GST The gene fusion ... conformation rather than altered structure of the kinase targets themselves Further, the residue changes in War1-42p not involve serine, threonine, tyrosine or histidine (Fig 3A) In any case, the nonphosphorylated...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A novel coupled enzyme assay reveals an enzyme responsible for the deamination of a chemically unstable intermediate in the metabolic pathway of 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid inBordetellasp. strain 10d doc
... 6-semialdehyde; III, 2-aminomuconic acid; IV, 4-oxalocrotonic acid; and V, picolinic acid 6-semialdehyde as a substrate Insights into the metabolic fate of 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid in strain 10d are revealed ... provided in excess The enzyme activity in the crude extract and in the reaction mixture that used 2-amino-5-carboxymuconic 6-semialdehyde as substrate was measured by monitoring the increase in the ... 6-semialdehyde and 2-aminomuconic acid, were shown not be substrates of the purified enzyme The enzyme was inhibited (remaining activity indicated in parentheses) by the following metal salts: mM...
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