... the individual country, the average ofthe other countries is used Step 7: Estimating thewaterfootprintof paper products in the forestry stage For a quantification ofthewaterfootprintof ... appropriation ofthe evaporative flow, just like the blue waterfootprint aims to measure human’s appropriation ofthe runoff flow The green waterfootprint measures the part ofthe evaporated rainwater ... Netherlands The Dutch waterfootprint related to the consumption of paper products is significant if compared to thefootprint related to the consumption of other products Thewaterfootprintof paper...
... water footprint) and the part ofthefootprint that presses on other countries in the world (external water footprint) The distinction refers to use of domestic water resources versus the use of ... About 42% of this footprint is due to the use of blue water, another 39% to the use of green water and about 19% to the dilution water requirements (Table 6.1) About 44% ofthe global water use ... water respectively 3.2 The virtual water content of seed cotton The virtual water content of seed cotton (m3/ton) has been calculated as the ratio ofthe volume ofwater (m3/ha) used during the...
... study is 28% ofthewaterfootprintofthe global average cow milk Thewaterfootprintofthe soy burger examined here is 7% ofthewaterfootprintofthe average beef burger in the world For ... 62% ofthe total waterfootprintof soy milk refers to thewaterfootprintof soybean cultivation In the case of soy burger, this is 74% In the case of soy milk, 90% ofthe supply-chain waterfootprint ... Figure show the colour composition ofthewater footprints of soy milk and soy burger 93% ofthe total waterfootprintofthe litre of soy milk is from green water resources, 4% is from blue water...
... standard of Vietnam (TCVN 5942/95/B) [4, 9] The two reasons for this situation are the discharges of cattle waste into channels then to river and the uses of fertilizer The concentrations of DO, ... 10.000 With the above analytic results, we drew some comments as follows: All the twenty water samples has very high coliform indices, exceeding the limited value of class B - surface waters quality ... craft village) brought about serious pollution for the reach run thought there The cause is the discharging directly untreated waste water into the stream [1] In general, except a few heavy pollution...
... footprintof a community = the sum ofthewater footprints of its members • Thewaterfootprintof national consumption = the sum ofthewater footprints of its inhabitants • Thewaterfootprintof ... the sum ofthe individual water footprints ofthe members ofthe community Thewaterfootprintof a producer or whatever sort of business is equal to the sum ofthewater footprints ofthe products ... nations The ‘internal’ WaterFootprint Accounting 23 Box 3.1 The relation between the different sorts ofwater footprints • Thewaterfootprintof a product = the sum ofthewater footprints of the...
... approximately therms of natural gas per metric ton of malt, or 11.2 g of CO2e per 6-pack of FT Depending on the efficiency ofthe kiln and the amount of roasting required, between 30 and 60 therms of natural ... combustion of fuel or leakage of refrigerant hydrofluorocarbon (direct), or released during the prior production of material or generation of electricity (indirect) In the context ofthe GHG Protocol of ... respectively.51 Based on the average yield of hops in 2006, operation of farm equipment therefore resulted in 470 g of CO2 emissions per kilogram of hops The 2.3 g of hops used in the production of FT thus...
... transpirational water loss On the other hand, plants species classified as water spenders have the opposite characteristics Despite of ecological and economical value of A chilensis in Patagonian region, there ... representative ofthe environmental extremes ofthe species distribution They were bred in a greenhouse in the EEA INTA Bariloche, Argentina In addition, we carried out some of these measurements ... graduate students of CONICET We also thank the support ofthe Genetics Group of INTA EEA Bariloche, which provided the plants for the experiments We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable...
... 1) The lower hydraulic resistance ofthe leaf blade recorded in I- versus the NI-seedlings would further favor thewater transport within the leaf Perhaps the most convincing evidence ofthe ... the surface ofthe pot under a water stream, pots were enclosed in plastic bags fitted tightly to the seedling stem and immersed in distilled filtered waterThe shoot was then cut off under water, ... amount of photosynthetic products in the accumulation of cell wall materials in the leaf rather than in seedling growth Although the functional significance of sclerophylly is still matter of debate...
... external inputs ofwater from 10 July to September by means of a 1-m deep circular trench all around the plot and a waterproof plastic roof located m above the ground At the end of this period, ... paper the values of gL computed with the second technique = in the flux/potential relathe summer for one tree from the control and one from the dry plot are shown in figure The slope ofthe regression ... added the data on the seasonal evolution of embolism, thewater potential values being the midday leaf water potentials recorded on the days the samples were collected The degree of embolism in...
... collected in the illuminated part ofthe crown, were sampled on six trees ofthe same dimension selected for the experiment both in the CO spring and in the control site In July (just before the second ... to the heater The heat pulse velocity (recorded at 30 intervals) was calculated from the time taken by the re-equilibration ofthe bridge, ie, by the heat pulse to travel the distance from the ... value of observations made at these sites despite the lack of an exact control This study was undertaken with the aim of examining water relations of mature trees of holm oak and downy oak grown...
... areas ern Italy nances What is the contribution of these results to the understanding ofthe ecology of silver fir? Water relations of fir are very close to that of pines despite marked differences ... each variable can of course change A cloudy spell may also induce a shift in the model, but the general shape ofthe curves and especially coincidence ofthe peaks is always the rule At SPC, due ... 0.2-0.4 MPa below the potential ofthe driest soil layer, though this, as at the other site, depended on the trees ψ fell to p -1.14 MPa in 1991 and the oldest needles of all trees already...
... cm·s -1 After the rain at the end of August and the beginning of September, and rehydration ofthe dry plot, the g in both plots recovs ered to the pre-stress value The decreases in the ratios T/TM ... dysfunction Assessment ofthe sensitivity of stomata to soil water deficit was one ofthe principal goals of this study The relative reduction of g due to the decline of Ψ reported here s ... shows the seasonal course of average predawn (Ψ and midday water ) pd potential (Ψ of trees in the dry and ) m watered plots Before the roof was put in place, when the soil was well-watered,...
... achieved their covered with a dense net of hairs (Fig 3, 1a and 2a); 2) as the leaf matures, all stomates end their development and hairs progressively disappear (Fig 3, 1b and 2b) The decrease ... epidermal resistance after the leaf has reached its full size may thus be attributed to both stomatal development and a decrease in boundary layer resistance development They are References Nizinski ... foret de Fontainebleau Ann Sci For 46, 173-186 Nizinski J & Saugier B (1989b) A model of transpiration and soil -water balance for a mature oak forest Agric For Meteorol in press budding ...
... Concentrations of 226 Ra were greater than 0.185 Bq.l-1 in 10 (50%) ofthe 20 samples analysed for this isotope Typically, for 40% ofthe 20 samples the pH ofthewater was lower than 6.3 and for 10% of these ... can be extracted from thewaterThe extraction efficiency (percentage of radon removed from thewater into the air loop) is around 94% for a 250 ml sample The exact value ofthe extraction efficiency ... concentrations of 238 U in rock, soil and water, or the temperature, salinity and turbidity ofwater may play a key role in accelerating the rate of increase of 222 Rn concentrations in these 20 groundwater...
... enough for the base ofthe freshwater lens to descend to the contact, freshwater below the Thurber Discontinuity is thoroughly mixed with theWater 2010, seawater, thus truncating the freshwater lens ... from the ocean side to the middle ofthe island Each test series was run over the range of island widths (150 to 1100 m) in order to quantify the influence ofthe width ofthe island, and the ... windward islands over a range of island sizes The results ofthe steady-state numerical simulations enabled the inclusion ofthe effects of each ofthe influencing features of atoll island hydrogeology...
... product Thewaterfootprintofthe business as a whole consists ofthe sum ofthewater footprints ofthe different business units Thewaterfootprintof a business unit is defined as the total ... support the business The WF of a business unit consists of two parts: the operational waterfootprint and the supply-chain waterfootprintThe operational waterfootprint is the amount of freshwater ... connected to the concept ofthe ‘business waterfootprint is the concept ofthe ‘product waterfootprintThewaterfootprintof a product is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used...
... 34.4 % of that of points to so 65.6 % of SS in sewage deposited at the bottom ofthe channels and lakes during the flow Furthermore, the population of these catchments, that discharged the sewage ... not measure thewater quality during the latter part of 1998 so the data in September 1997 were used instead ofthe data in September 1998 In addition, the mean values of SS of surface water in ... at the outfalls ofthe sewer adjoining the Tonle Sap River Points to 10 were located at the channel and Beong Trabek Lake The wastewater flowed down from point to 10 by gravity The width of the...
... apparent that the height of BRM column and the flow rate ofwater strongly influence the sterilizing ability The sterilizing ability of column increases along with the increase ofthe BRM layer ... chemical weathering of ultramafic bedrocks at the surface ofthe earth [14] It was found that laterite’s profiles depend on the conditions of weathering intensities, geotectonic zones and the parent ... by the high oxidation potential of MnO2 The other is to survey the effects of Mn2+ on sterilizing process of MnO2 by changing the concentration of Mn2+ Chapter RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Synthesis...
... diffusion ofwater vapor accounts for some water movement As plants absorb water from the soil, they deplete the soil ofwater near the surface ofthe roots This depletion reduces Yp in thewater ... on the lower surface ofthe leaf On its way from the leaf to the atmosphere, water is pulled from the xylem into the cell walls ofthe mesophyll, where it evaporates into the air spaces ofthe ... Cohesion–Tension Theory Explains Water Transport in the Xylem In theory, the pressure gradients needed to move water through the xylem could result from the generation of positive pressures at the base of the...
... 70% ofthe Environmental Footprintof developed countries such as the UK, we impact on the planet in other ways than just our carbon footprint Our Ecological Footprint is a combination of all the ... to Calculating a city footprintThe centrepiece ofthe report is a ranking ofthe 60 cities in Britain according to the average Ecological Footprint size of their residents The results are calculated ... This rural footprint is then subtracted from the total footprintofthe city LA Finally, the remainder is divided by the urban population to find the city’s EF/cap (see the example of Winchester,...