... during the years, has set the stage for the development ofthe concepts and types of humic substances followed today It triggered in the beginning a flurry of investigations andthe ligno-protein theory ... ofthe huge deposits of peat, lignite or leonardite, coal and oilshale adds tothe dimension of its wide occurrence in the world Geochemists are even ofthe opinion that the greatest storehouses ... incomplete, and hence contributes to accumulation of huge amounts of organic matter Many ofthe wetlands and some ofthe lake areas are eutrophic, encouraging an excessive growth of aquatic weeds and other...
... organisms and their environment Ecology implies more the webs ofnatural forces and organisms, their competition and cooperation, and how they live off one another [2 – 4] The recent introduction ofthe ... [25,26,32,39] The test is based on the inhibition ofthe synthesis of TM b-galactosidase in E coli after exposure to pollutants The method has been used to measure acute toxicity of sediment and soil and ... the community of organisms in question and how feasible is the culture ofthe species in the laboratory throughout the year As protozoa and nematodes live in pore water in the soil, most of the...
... Autocatalytic plating is the process in which the metal ion in the solution is forced to convert into the metallic state and deposit onto the object to be plated by theuseof reducing agents The ... and Grinding Machining and grinding are the mechanical operations to shape and condition metals and their surfaces These operations involve theuseofnaturaland synthetic oils for cooling and ... Determination ofthe operating pH requires a very careful examination ofthe theoretical basis ofthe process as the number of metals in the wastewater increases The determination ofthe discharge standards,...
... upon the environmental conditions ofthe reactor and facilitates the maintenance of high concentrations (20 –30 g/L) of VSS in the reactor The flow of influent starts at the bottom ofthe reactor, ... passes through the blanket of dense granules in the bottom half portion ofthe reactor and reaches into the gas –liquid – solid separator located in the top portion ofthe reactor The gas – liquid ... content of solids However, the quality of granules and hence the performance ofthe reactor is highly dependent upon the toxicity and other characteristics of wastewater A modified version of the...
... between 2.5 and 40 m3/ton or tonne for cattle and 1.5– 10 m3/ton or tonne for hogs The rate of water useand wastewater generation varies with both the time of day andthe day ofthe week To comply ... Another disadvantage ofthe ponding system is the accumulation of solid sludge at the bottom ofthe ponds (Fig 6) Eventually the sludge and scum will clump together inside the pond, lowering the ... widely, but Imhoff tanks with retentions of –3 hours have been used in the past in the United States and are reported to remove about 65% ofthe suspended solids and 35% of BOD [18] Theuseof a deep...
... between the rim andthe tire The tire treads are the part ofthe tire that meets the road surface; their design and composition depend on theuseofthe tire Tire cords are woven synthetic fabrics ... condensate and hot and cold water are used in the molding and curing areas The majority ofthe water is recycled back tothe boiler or hot water tank for use in the next recycle Soapstone areas and ... extends the range of applications andthe service life ofthe wood By design, the chemicals used to protect wood must be toxic tothe target organisms, but they may also affect nontarget organisms and...
... attributed tothe calcium carbonate ofthe sample, the content of which was about 45% in ash Therefore, the DTG peaks ofthe two samples differ in position and height Taking into consideration that the ... conditions and at developing kinetic models for the pyrolysis and combustion of these fuels, for which there is lack of information in the literature The obtained data should be useful for the design of ... pre-exponential factor of component j, Ej is the activation energy of component j, g expresses the effect of ambient gas composition and f describes the change of surface reactivity as a function ofthe fractional...
... MS, the nominal mass is often used, which enable to count the numbers of each constituent elements However, if the sum ofthe masses ofthe atoms in a molecule using the most abundant isotope ... (Chernushevich, 2001), ion trap (IT-TOF-MS), and even another TOF (such as TOF/TOF-MS) have all been developed and found more applications than TOF-MS alone (Vestal & Campbell, 2005) Tandem mass spectrometer ... field of known strength to have the same kinetic energy (given they have the same charge) Therefore, the square ofthe velocity of an ion is reversely proportional to its m/z, Ek = (1/2)mv2 and the...
... are in the range ofto inches Packing of this size permits air to be drawn into the bed andthe bed is not clogged by biological slime There appears to be a trend toward more useof plastic filter ... rate of application lower than that ofthe primary tank is necessary here because ofthe different character ofthe material to be removed Rates in this portion ofthe system are in the range of ... circulation of air into the filter The underdrains discharge to a main collection channel which, in turn, discharges tothe final settling (humus) tank The importance ofthe function ofthe final...
... though valve in the bottom of reactor and pH, EC were measured Others parameters such as COD, heavy metals were measured after days to days follow experiment plan in order to assess the stabilization ... variation of EC value is suitable rule of Therefore, e 100000 the accumulation of heavy P metals in municipal sewage sludge is different [ ,*oo a on each of zones as well as each of country 80000 The ... like that: The accumulation and transportation of selected heavy metals in thermophilic anearobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge and organic waste depends on a lot of factors such as...
... B, C The tanks share the public wall and have hydraulic connection with each other through the public channel at the bottom Outlets ofthe connected channel were installed at the center ofthe ... Aeration stops and sedimentation begins in tank A The sewage flows into tank B and out of tank C In the main stage 2, the sewage flows into tank C, then flows into tank B Effluent flows out of tank ... System The concentration of residual sludge for suction is low because the bottom ofthe tanks is flat andthe single point method is chosen as the operation mode of sludge pump Usually there...
... reactor was controlled using level sensors The wastewater was allowed to flow naturally from the EQ through the RHMBR tothe MBR via gravity flow to save capital costs Both the equalizing reactor and ... agitator at the center ofthe reactor (Fig 1) The packing ratio ofthe fibrous was 60 ± 5% based on the volume ofthe reactor for the attached growth biomass The picture of polypropylene fiber media ... pressure (TMP), in the range of À0.05 to 0.0 MPa, andthe phenomenon of bio-fouling in the MBR were monitored for changes in TMP via the vacuum gauge The primary-function of MBR is to maintain a high...
... Three lab-scale reactors were used to evaluate the CARS process The schematic diagram is shown in Fig The effective volumes ofthe adsorption tank, the regeneration tank andthe secondary clarifier ... for the three reactors, while the HRT ofthe adsorption tank were kept at 30 In Series II, R was increased from 20% to 60%, andthe SRT, HRT of regeneration tank, and HRT ofthe adsorption tank ... Fig - Variations of COD, NH4+-N, and PO43 P removals vs time at different HRTs ofthe adsorption tank The effect of HRT ofthe adsorption tank tothe CARS process is shown in Fig The COD removal...
... The proper volume of recirculated sludge can vary according tothe type of reactor, characteristics ofthe substrate and pumps used, and system performance, but it is obvious that this kind of ... sludge inside the reactor The same screw-type pumps were used for feeding the substrate and recycling the sludge inside the reactor Further details are provided in Table In order to optimize this ... Accumulation of acids decreased the pH, resulting in the failure ofthe whole system The growth rate ofthe acidogenic bacteria is much higher than that of methanogenic archea, andthe bacteria...
... with the help of a thermocouple which is connected to a PID controller and contactor as explained in the previous section As the temperature within the reactor rises the feed present in the reactor ... attained The generated vapors are removed from top ofthe reactor through opening provided on the head ofthe reactor The vapors then pass through a series of GI pipes interconnected to form two ... contamination, as well as economical resistance due tothe increase of space and disposal costs In a long term neither the land filling nor the incineration solve the problem of wastes, because...
... Society of Medicine, andthe Royal Society of Health Professor Cooper is the President ofthe British Academy of Management, is a Companion ofthe (British) Institute of Management, and one ofthe ... validity ofthe measurement ofthe independent variable(s) In particular, theuseof experts external tothe organization is to be encouraged, because they are more likely to know about the full ... Aston, Heriot-Watt, Wolverhampton and Middlesex universities He was awarded the CBE, Commander ofthe Order ofthe British Empire, by the Queen in 2001 Ivan T Robertson is Professor of Work and...
... Society of Arts, Royal Society of Medicine and Royal Society of Health He is also founding editor ofthe Journal of Organizational Behavior and co-editor of Stress and Health, serves on the editorial ... Zealand, Austria, Canada, the USA, andthe UK The presence of contributions from such a diverse range of countries indicates the international nature of our discipline One ofthe purposes ofthe ... account ofthe possible impact ofcultural attitudes toward the family on both public policy andthe behavior of firms Another possible explanation for the finding that high levels of statutory provision...
... scientific and engineering research, dedicated tothe furtherance of science and technology andto their use for the general welfare Upon the authority ofthe charter granted to it by the Congress ... Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining tothe health ofthe public The Institute acts under the responsibility ... involving both the characteristics of farms (the system of agricultural production) andthe relationships of farms to other sectors and institutions “Structural change” refers tothe change in...