... “interpretivists”—most of them merely to acknowledge that they include the written document in their account ofconstitutional law, 92 some to convey the stronger message that the text is the exclusive source ofconstitutional ... instance, the common strategy is to bow to the popular equation ofthe document with the Constitution, but then to distinguish the Constitution, in turn, from constitutionallaw Only constitutionallaw ... about the text, theorists insist that the warp and woof ofconstitutionallaw is still traceable to the written document—and must be, given that the document and only the document counts as the...
... at the very last moment in front of an oncoming train It’s not that they don’t appreciate the danger – on the contrary, the danger is the whole point Rather, they don’t value the benefits ofthe ... sceptical view about the existence of normative reasons, rather than an internalist theory of them Then another large part of what Hume says is concerned with the psychological question of what gives ... universalism about thescopeof responsibility and blame, rigorism about the bases of respect The resulting diagnosis ofthe tensions in our conception of morality at least overlaps with that of Williams’...
... version of analogical reasoning, the court compares the relative strength of two sets of facts – the facts ofthe precedent case and the facts of a new case now under consideration If the facts ofthe ... that the ratio sets out the factors that ground the reason(s) in favor ofthe result: the later court must determine the strength ofthe reason in favor ofthe result in the precedent on the basis ... precedents can be seen as the reverse of expansion of precedents on the basis of similarity: here, the court limits the effect of precedents on the basis of dissimilarity The process of distinguishing...
... the French Declaration ofthe Rights of Man and Citizen As apprehended by Friedrich Tenbruck, they build on the Creation, the universality ofthe Children of God and of brotherhood with the ... feature ofthe 1994 reference to the aim of ‘optimal use ofthe world’s resources’ as opposed to the 1947 objective for the use ofthe ‘full resources ofthe world’ References to human rights and the ... in the Middle Ages ofthe salvation ofthe Kingdom of God on earth ’ The ‘secular remnants of this Christian theology of history’ facilitated ideas of an equal and common development of...
... traditional rights ofthe accused; the widening boundaries ofthe criminal law to include offences of preparation and planning; thescope and justification of offences against the person such as ... that these are dialectically connected aspects ofthe same thing: the modern form oflaw I will now outline these two aspects of modern individualist law and then contextualise the idea ofthe ... June 2007 The main aim ofthe workshop was to gather together experts in the fields of criminal law and procedure, criminology, legal history, law and psychology and the sociology oflaw in order...
... Thus, the emergence of a secular natural law -the natural law which was proclaimed to be the basis ofthe new international law is coeval with his resolution ofthe problem ofthe legal status of ... diminishes the power ofthe Pope, for these secular systems oflaw are administered by the sovereign rather than the Pope Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refuting another justification ... international law is further reflected by the structure of many ofthe major textbooks of international law, which introduce the subject by outlining the problem and offering some sort of solution...
... divided the United States from the large majority of other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in particular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the ... fundamental as the expanding corpus of international law, the obligatory force of that law, the way in which the weak can employ thelaw as a power resource, the historical uniqueness ofthe modern ... Relations Theory (Boulder: Westview, 1989), p 18 The politics of international law international lawThe end ofthe Cold War, and the attendant talk of a ‘new world order’, the triumph of liberalism,...
... School of Law, Bloomington Mark Aronson is Professor ofLaw at the University of New South Wales Jack M Beermann is Professor ofLaw at Boston University Paul Craig is Professor ofLaw and Fellow of ... collection of essays, possible The organisation ofthe conference was one ofthe pleasurable duties I undertook in 1996 as theLaw Foundation of Saskatchewan Visiting Professor at the College of Law, ... between the papers First of all, a word of explanation is necessitated by the ubiquity ofthe term "public law" The reference in the title of this book to administrative law, rather than to public law, ...
... Law Reports International Review ofthe Red Cross Leiden Journal of International Law Netherlands Yearbook of International Law Organisation of American States Organisation of African Unity Of cial ... 95/46/EC ofthe European Parliament and ofthe Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on xlviii table of conventions the free movement of such ... Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation,...
... provinces oflaw such as criminal law, contract law, and thelawof torts, or specific types of law, such as municipal state law, judge-made law, and customary law. 2 The philosophy of international law ... customary law In the context ofthe discussion ofthe processes of international law- making and hence ofthe sources or identification of its norms, the question ofthe kind of norms created 27 ... norms and their content are a matter for the sources of international law Two ofthe early chapters in the book address the sources of international law in depth.20 Among the key features oflaw that...
... Whewell Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, and Director, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge John S Bell FBA Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University ... problem, and the critiques of these attempts have, on the whole, constituted the central theoretical debate ofthe discipline.6 The defining character of this problem to the whole discipline of international ... international law is further reflected by the structure of many ofthe major textbooks of international law, which introduce the subject by outlining the problem and offering some sort of solution...
... Yearbook of International Law 506 515 at 506 See ibid Lorimer insisted on the exceptional dependence ofthelawof nations on thelawof nature’ Lorimer, The Institutes oftheLawof Nations, ... accepted that thelawof nations comprised treaties and customs, but who argued that the overall purpose ofthelawof nations, derived from thelawof nature,27 was that of securing and furthering ... justification of their conquest precisely because it is presented in the language of liberality and even equality Vitoria continuously alludes to the theme ofthe novelty ofthe discovery ofthe Indians:...
... act upon the advice of British Of cers ‘in matters relating to the administration of justice, the development ofthe resources ofthe country, the interests of commerce, or in any other matter ... merchants and their families to reside in these cities for purposes of trade See Article II ofthe Treaty of Nanking See Article X ofthe Treaty of Nanking Wang Tieya describes the collapse ofthe traditional ... Institutes oftheLawof Nations, p 104 As Gong notes: The subjective nature ofthe recognition process and the political element within the standard of “civilization” put the European powers in the...
... one ofthe morals McNair deduces from the history ofthe development oftheLawof Nations is that the progress of International Law is intimately connected with the victory everywhere ofconstitutional ... facilitate the economic exploitation of non-European territories The question ofthe enduring effects for non-European societies ofthe history of exclusion is related to the issue ofthe legacy ofthe ... respect More generally, the nineteenth century offers us an example of a far broader theme: the importance ofthe existence ofthe ‘other’ for the progress and development ofthe discipline itself...
... sense ofthe final end ofthe Mandate System According to Article 22 ofthe Covenant, the primary purpose ofthe Mandate System was to secure the ‘well-being and development’ ofthe peoples ofthe ... for supervising the operation ofthe system Once the basic framework ofthe Mandate System had been established, it was the PMC that had the task of ensuring the progress ofthe mandate territories ... o n s 147 The Mandate System and the construction ofthe non-European state The mandates and the problem of sovereignty The primary novelty ofthe Mandate System for many jurists ofthe interwar...
... the whole global community rather than that ofthe Western/European states alone, and the creation of such a system oflaw would in itself resolve the secondary problem of whether the rules of ... to be created now or after the adoption of a new lawof responsibility, a good deal ofthe objectionable features of this law from the point of view ofthe victims of colonialism are likely to ... idea ofthe scale of exploitation is suggested by the fact that in 1928, the people of Nauru received 2.6 per cent ofthe value of their phosphates Ibid at p 235 It is likely that studies of the...
... regulated by the laws of that government These agreements were not, of course, the subject of international law since they fell within thescopeofthe domestic jurisdiction ofthe colonial state The ... States in their capacity as subjects of international law is based on the municipal lawof some country The question as to what this law is forms the subject of that branch oflaw which is at the present ... sketching the impact of arbitration on the emergence ofthelawof development, and on the classical principles of sovereignty that the Third World sought to rely upon, I have focused on some of the...
... opposed to the provision ofthe basic welfare services necessary for survival.51 Further, the Articles of Agreement ofthe Bank, the constituent document ofthe organization, require the Bank to ... foreigners by the Spanish, rather than the 70 71 72 Emer de Vattel, Joseph Chitty (ed.), TheLawof Nations: Or, Principles oftheLawof Nature, Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and ... entities (the Bank and the IMF), has had a profound impact on the peoples and states ofthe Third World This is a consequence ofthe fact that the IFIs make the financial assistance they provide...
... international activities in the name ofthe WAT These developments suggest a dual process: the further expansion, ostensibly within the framework ofthe UN Charter, ofthe powers ofthe large states, and ... whether the actions ofthe Security Council could be reviewed by the ICJ and whether in fact the Security Council was bound in any way by international law, and the question ofthe powers ofthe ... benevolent The furtherance of justice, the promotion of humanitarianism; these are the great goals that imperialism has traditionally set itself The further important issue is the question of whether...
... Annual Report ofthe Mandatory Powers’, (1926) 10 League of Nations Official Journal1322 1328 Lorimer, James, The Institutes oftheLawof Nations: A Treatise ofthe Jural Relations of Separate ... Jawaharlal, The Discovery of India (New York: The John Day Co., 1946) Norton, Patrick M., Lawofthe Future or Lawofthe Past? Modern Tribunals and the International Lawof Expropriation’, (1991) ... ‘When Was theLawof International Society Born? An Inquiry ofthe History of International Law from an Intercivilizational Perspective’, Journal ofthe History of International Law (2000)...