... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:Contrast of effect of 24 hours oftreatment with FGF-2 or BMP-2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related geneexpression. Mineralizing ... visualized the mineralizingcells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilledwater and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and examined and ... result in loss of ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing gene expression, cell growth and BMP-2 in gene expression and mineralization of bone.Materials and...
... Li4AbstractIntroduction: The difficulty in re-growing and mineralizing new bone after severe fracture can result in loss of ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing ... visualized the mineralizingcells with 2% Alizarin Red. After rinsing in distilledwater and air drying the samples, we mounted the cov-erslips on microscope slides using Fluoromount and examined and ... BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization:Contrast of effect of 24 hours oftreatment with FGF-2 or BMP-2 on fold increase in abundance of mineralization-related geneexpression. Mineralizing...
... oxida-tive stress. The observed increase of reducing species in urine would mirror an increased level in blood originat-ing from a response to oxidativestressinthe body mon-itored by the urinary ... only 10% of urate is excreted inthe urine (the remaining 90% being recirculated by the renal system[3]), an increase of this antioxidantin blood will alsolead to an increase in urine. The fact ... H,Savant Instruments Inc.). The final volume was deter-mined by gravimetry, assuming that the entire methanolwas removed during the conc entration inthe SpeedVac and that the d ensity ofthe remaining...
... only criticalfor the stability ofthe dimer, it may also be involved in maintaining the integrity ofthe active site. These resultsclearly suggest that the dimer interface inthe Y74W*mutant ... bond with the backbone CO of F102. Fur-thermore, the orientation ofthe side chain ofthe tworesidues brings the guanidinium plane andthe aro-matic ring of F102 into close proximity, with ... elevated temperature and inthe presence of denaturants [27].Extending these studies, we examine here the effect of increasing the bulk ofthe residue at position 74.Surprisingly, the Y74W mutant...
... and/ orcompensatory hyperinsulinemia increase the availability of both circulating androgen and androgen productionby the adrenal gland and ovary mainly by decreasing sexhormone binding globulin (SHBG) [134].Polycystic ... resulting in increased levels of the SO an ion [209]. The mechan ism of placental NAD(P)H activation is still unclear, but the above findingsmay assist in elucidating theroleof OS inthe patho ... catalyzes the formation of NO from O2 and L -arginine usingNADPHasanelectrondonor[24]andarecomprisedof the following isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS or N OS I),inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS II), and endothelial...
... by the amount of internalized agonist[20]. As the internalization is expressed in percentage of total binding, decreasing the binding affinity of the Roleof helix 8 and C-termini in bradykinin ... FEBS Theroleof helix 8 andofthe cytosolic C-termini in the internalization and signal transduction of B1 and B2bradykinin receptorsAlexander Faussner1, Alexandra Bauer1, Irina Kalatskaya1, ... activation ofthe receptor, and subsequently ofthe G protein, leads to a change in the environment of helix 8 resulting inthe loss ofthe heli-cal structure. Mutation of specific residues in theirmodel...
... near the flexible C terminus of SNase.Changes inthe fluorescence intensity of W140 reflecta change inthe surrounding hydrophobic environment of the tryptophan and thus indicate a change in the overall ... (DCp) and difference of DCp of mutant from wild-type (%) were determined and the results for the wild-type protein and 20mutants are given in Table 1. The DHcal and Tm of the wild-type protein ... at a heatingrate of 1 Cặmin)1. The melting point (Tm) was obtaineddirectly from the DSC curve. The enthalpy change (DHcal)was calculated by the integration ofthe curve covering area(Tmwas...
... Sentence stress organizes the words inthe sentence into logically connected thought groups by joining the unstressed syllables to the main stressed syllable inthe group and marking the end ofthe ... lose their stress. The most important words in the sentence receive stronger stress. The last stressed word inthe sentence receives the strongest stress with the help of falling or rising intonation. ... distinguish between four levels of stress: major sentence stress, major word stress, minor word stressand unstressed. Thus, inthe sentence: “I walked home inthe rainstorm”. ‗I‘, in , and...
... discoideum to oxidative stress, and we now show the response of this organism to oxidative stress andtheroleof PARP during development. We used hydroxylamine (HA)to induce in situ generation of H2O2 and ... development.HA-induced oxidativestress activates PARP within5 min (Fig. 4A,B), and its role during oxidative stress is further confirmed by the use of low concentrations of benzamide. Preincubation of cells ... H2O2 and monitored the effect of benzamide, a PARP inhibitor, on oxidative stress- induced changes in D. discoideum development. Interestingly, oxidativestress resulted in PARPactivation within...
... fragmentation using massspectrometry, by incubating Grx2 in standard bufferfor 30 min or 2 h inthe presence of n-PT. After incu-bation, standard Grx2 and fragments recovered by fil-tering the incubation ... incubated without the RS or Grx2; Grx2-incubated, samplesincubated inthe presence ofthe RS plus Grx2 at the indicatedconcentrations. Anti-FLAG, loading control performed as described in Experimental ... (Grx1 and Grx2) and five monothiolic glutaredoxins. These isoforms differ in their location and response to oxidative stress, among other factors [9,11,18–22]. Evidence indicatesthat Grx2 is the...
... resultfrom the modifications inthe interactions between the catalytic glutamates andthe residues R97 and Y331,indicating that these residues play a roleinthe modulation of the Sfbgly50 pH optimum.Sequence ... mMBicine buffer 7.0–8.5). The pH stability of Sfbgly50 was checked by incubation in the same buffers for a time equal to the assay time and thendetermining the activity remaining at the optimum ... [10,12].Nevertheless, it is not possible to assume that the same isoccurring inthe mutant R97M, because there is no data on the interactions between the substrate andthe arginineresidue.Finally, another...
... unsure ofthe mechanism of DNA-induced stabilization ofthe protein, and whe-ther it is related to the normal RNA-binding function of coat protein, as RNA binding had no effect. The increased ... understood, and we have investigated thesequestions in this work. We sought to determine the roleof protein–RNA and protein–protein interactions in virus stability, measuring the effects of urea,GdnHCl ... leaving behind an intact capsid. The dlFG version of coat protein is dimeric and therefore lacks both the protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions that normally occur withinthe...
... analyzing the determinants of venture capital investment in the United States between 1986 and 1998, they find that the likelihood of a ven-ture capitalist investing in a given target declines ... of industrial clustering. The organizations ofthe first economy, either because of their charter to doresearch as inthe case of universities and R&D laboratories, or as a by-product of ... Anumber of compelling themes emerge from the chapters. First, the flow and spillover of knowledge requires the interaction of multiple analytical units of analysis, spanning the cognitive process of...
... people act in anticipation of their actions inthe absence of ext ernally-a rising cues. The formation and maintenance of internal models hasbeen studied in healthy individuals (reviewed in [17]),but ... important step in understanding the human-machine interface.By manipulating feedforward and feedback uncertaintywe have shown that the seemingly trivial task of grasp-ing and lifting objects ... (left) and second (right) phases of training. Subjects performed significantly worse inthe absence of eithersource of feedback.Saunders and Vijayakumar Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation...