... without the innumerable iura propria linked to the unity ofthe ius commune. The greater imperfection of men’s laws (the ius pro-prium) was related to the lesser imperfection ofthe laws ofthe ... Treaties of Westphalia to the Congress of Vienna (1648–1815): AContribution to the History oftheLawof Nations (Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1991), pp. 110–12.6Territorial law and theriseofthe stateAbout ... not ofthe Roman and the English law, but rather of the Roman and the English lawyer’;60and the similar constitutional development of European kingdoms61and the common legal science.62By the...
... FBAWhewell Professor ofInternational Law, Faculty of Law, andDirector, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeJohn S. Bell FBAProfessor of Law, Faculty of Law, ... to the history of international law, illuminating the imperial character ofthe disciplineand its enduring significance for peoples ofthe Third World.antony anghie is Professor ofLaw at the ... context that the question arises:what is the relationship between the origins ofinternationallaw and the colonial encounter in these, the first teachings on international law? Further, what does...
... 213.9 The politics ofinternationallaw international law. The end ofthe Cold War, and the attendant talk of a ‘new world order’, the triumph of liberalism, and the regulatory im-peratives of ... divided the United States from the large majority of other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in partic-ular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the questions ... that leave them ill-equipped to comprehend issues as funda-mental as the expanding corpus ofinternational law, the obligatory force of that law, the way in which the weak can employ thelaw as...
... pairs The results refer to the estimation of system (14) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix being the unity matrix. The estimated coefficients ofthe system of equations ... the domestic country and the US for bonds. Standard errors are reported in parenthesis. J-Stat denotes the p-value ofthe J-statistic to test the null hypothesis that the overidentifying restrictions ... The US SDF and estimated expected excess returns The results refer to the estimation of system (16) by one stage GMM estimation with the optimal weighting matrix being the unity matrix. The...
... against themselves. Between the time of its ratification and the onset of the project of legibility, there was a drˆole de guerre concerning the meaning of the self-incrimination provision ofthe ... narratives ofthe path of constitutional development spotlightboth the achievement ofthe collective rights of labor in the 1930s and, at the same time, the launching of an upward progression toward the ... outsiders to the role of shapinglegal doctrine, they began their careers as critics of court power. Once theytook hold ofthe reins of state and began to staff the courts themselves, how-ever, the...
... apartheid, for instance, require states to criminalize these o enses as part of their domestic criminal law. Despite these advances in codi cation, the twentieth century saw countless international ... detailing the nancial constraints impeding the prosecution of international crimes. e following sections—which examine the budgetary di culties ofthe ad hoc tribunals, the ICC, the hybrid international- domestic ... accused ofinternational crimes in the former Yugoslavia. e years that had elapsed between the cre-ation ofthe World War II tribunals and theInternationalCriminal Tribunal for the former...
... introduced the following form of government into all the nations they subdued. The general of the army became king ofthe conquered country, and he divided the landsamong the great officers of his ... likewise the neglected Product of other Countries, is imported, as afurther Subject of Manufacture amongst us. So that the Industrious profiteven ofthe Idleness ofthe Slothful.(Anon. 1727: 7) The ... discussion ofthe militia issue. The Freedom of government and the militia systemSince the union of crowns of 1603 the Parliament of Scotland had always beensubordinated to the interests of England....
... progressive development ofinternationallaw in this field, Appreciative ofthe work carried out by theInternationalLaw Commission on thelawofthe non-navigational uses ofinternational watercourses, ... Convention on theLawofthe Non-navigational Uses ofInternational Watercourses1New York, 21 May 19972 The Parties to the present Convention, Conscious ofthe importance ofinternational ... under the protection, ofthe same sovereign State, whether or not these territories are individually Members ofthe League of Nations.101.1.2.2 The Statute Article 1 In the application of the...
... in the human-animal relationship and theriseofthe veterinary regime from the time of animaldomestication and the inception of livestock husbandry up until the present day. The book, therefore, ... century. Similarly, Offringa (1971, 1976, 1981, 1983) traces the emergenceand institutionalisation ofthe veterinary profession in the Netherlands, drawing onsociological theories of professionalisation ... drudgery of tilling the land nor the harvesting of crops. While the spread of agrarianism brought the existence ofdomesticated animals to the attention ofthe hunting peoples living on the periphery...
... years, the academic literature of open source has taken off.1.5 Overview ofthe Study The second chapter ofthe book describes the growth, size and segmen-tation oftheinternational software ... free? The fact is, no onebesides us has invested a lot of money in hobby software.”86 The letter was addressed to the members ofthe Homebrew ComputingClub, an informal gathering of some ofthe ... way, software was free and there were no extra chargesto obtain IBM software. On the other hand, there were really no marketsfor the software on any other platform than IBM computers. For the...
... numbers of firms exiting the industry or in need for restructuring. The experience ofthe large ‘bonanza farms’ established with the settlement ofthe northern Great Plains in the US in the late ... control plantations of 200,000-600,000 ha of oil palm. The fact that more than half ofthe expansion of oil palm was at the expense of natural forests has been a source of major concern (Koh ... and J. Morisette. (2006). Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the Southern Brazilian Amazon." Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America...
... afterwards, the 31st of March, whenthey entered the broad mouth ofthe river and dropped anchor off the town of Brill. It was late in the eveningwhen they arrived. In the morning an officer came off ... deeply sullied the cause for which he fought.Upon the day after the capture ofthe city, the Good Venture went into the port. The inhabitants, as soon asthey learned that the beggars ofthe sea respected ... and commenced the long war that was to end only with the establishment ofthe Free Republic of the Netherlands. No harm was done to such ofthe inhabitants ofthe town as remained. The conquerorsestablished...
... R,islower;— the probability of success ofthe risky project, π,ishigher;— the efficiency of monitoring, P, is higher and the cost of monitoring, C,islower;— the cost of default, D, and the cost of loan ... numer-ically. The second and third terms represent the sum ofthethe marginal pdf and the conditionalcdf.Efficiency can be further improved if we take into account the panel structure ofthe data ... JTis the T ×T matrix of ones, the AR(1) coefficient |ρ| < 1 and the variance ofthe randomeffect 0 ≤ σ2a< 1.38This parameterization allows for random effects and the AR(1) structure of the...