... °CÆmin)1. The thermal denaturation of these proteinswas fully reversible under this condition. The temperature of the midpoint ofthe transition, Tm, was calculated fromcurve fitting ofthe resultant ... Mn2+for activity, and specifically loses most ofthe Mg2+-depen-dent activity on removal ofthe HBD and 87% of it by the mutation at the HBD. Tma-CD lost the ability to suppress the RNase ... regardless ofthe metalcofactor. Binding analyses ofthe proteins to the substrate using surfaceplasmon resonance indicate that the binding affinity of Tma-RNase HI is greatly reduced on removal of the...
... not the b domain. The distinguishing feature of members ofthe meioticclade of AAA ATPases isthe SRH motif, which dif-fers from that of other AAA ATPases [24]. The pair of Arg residues in the ... in the absence of ATP, Vps4p–E233Q has amolecular mass of 92 kDa, which is consistent with the size of a dimer. However, in the presence of ATP, the shift in the elution profile is consistent ... bytheir first three amino acids. The TRP sequence(TRPTVNEDDLLK) is at the start ofthe helix,whereas the RDF sequence (RDFGQEGN) is at the end ofthe helix (Fig. 1B,C). To determine whether the b...
... sulphur dioxide and other greenhouse gases• carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere and causes the temperature ofthe earth to rise.• This leads to disruption of the weather patterns eg ... pollute the water• They may even end up in the food chain• Bacteria decay the dead plants and in so doing use up oxygen from the water• This means the fish suffocate and die• This process is ... as they are replacing the nutrients removed from the soil by plants• However, if too much fertiliser is added and it then rains, the fertiliser finds its way into rivers and lakes• This...
... participated in the coordination ofthe study and supervised the drafting and editing of manuscript. JC participated in the design ofthe questionnaires/interviewsand coordination and management ofthe ... validity. The expert s pointed outtheir level of accordance with the relevance ofthe items,ease of understanding and adequacy as an instrument tocharacterise the management models ofthe PA ... regarding thiscriterion, most ofthe leaders of our study reported thateverybody had full access to the information about the mission and objectives ofthe PA programme. In the field of Higher...
... mutation ofthe CHRleads to a more pronounced deregulation than the alteration ofthe CDE [40].Another gene tested for its cell cycle regulationis the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein ... not only the CCAAT-boxes them-selves, but also their distance, is conserved [7,25,58]. The particular distance with approximately three turns of the DNA double helix yields binding ofthe two ... analysis in reporterassays shows that this element is responsible for cellcycle-dependent expression ofthe gene. Surprisingly,deregulation ofthe promoter does not lead to loss of its activity...
... AP-2expression is completely downregulated after treatment of the chick face with RA, and this is accompanied byan increase in apoptosis [73]. The authors of this studyascribe theregulationof outgrowth ... outgrowth of limb buds andpatterning ofthe digits to the chicken AP-2. The role of AP-2a was further studied in zebrafish.It was confirmed that AP-2a is an essential regulator of the development of ... expres-sion in the face and limbs. In a follow-up study, theyfound that this conserved cis-acting sequence serves tomaintain a level of AP-2a expression that limits the size ofthe hand plate and the...
... expression. Aseach step ofthe RNA metabolism is tightly regulated, the regulationof mRNA export, stability and transla-tion rate is essential for the control ofthe expression of mRNAs coding for ... tethering of TTP to the same reportermRNA. These results indicate that ASF ⁄ SF2 is apotent repressing factor in the absence of competingfactors. It is worth noting that the deletion ofthe ... interactions. The capacity of ASF ⁄ SF2 to down-regulate mRNAexpression was further confirmed by artificial tethering of a reporter mRNA to the 3¢ UTR. In this assay, the down-regulating activityof ASF...
... homeostasis in adult tissues.Recently, miRNAs have emerged as a class of epigenetic regulators of metabolism and energy homeostasis. We have investigated the role of miRNAs in theregulationof adipogenic ... miR-27 expression in the adipose tissue of ob ⁄ ob mice thus led us to hypothesizethat hypoxia may play a role in theregulation of miR-27 expression. To test this hypothesis, we examinedmiR27amiR27b ... in theregulationof miR-27 expression. Ourdata suggest that the miR-27 gene family is potentiallyan important class of negative regulators of adipogene-sis and may play a role in the regulation...
... signals involved in the regulation of metabolism, gene expression and the susceptibilityto different kinds of stress [6]. For example, the inhibi-tion of autophagic proteolysis by insulin, glutamineand ... insu-lin-induced hepatocyte swelling is registrated by the integrin system, leading to a Src-dependent activation of the p38-type MAPK and thereby inhibition of autophagic proteolysis [14]. Thus, integrin-dependentcell ... Thus, the apoptotic volumedecrease may further disarrange the balance betweensurvival and death signals, thereby promoting execu-tion ofthe apoptotic program.Concluding remarksIt is well...
... 20%, despite the presence of ATP-Mg. It is shown below that this is due to loss of the inhibitory effect of ATP-Mg, consequent to the removal of a heat-stable cofactor present in the high-speed ... orientedtowards the lumen ofthe vesicles and that disruption of the vesicular membrane increases accessibility toUDP-glucuronate. Some ofthe detergents exerted inhi-bition ofthe enzymatic activity ... stimulator ofthe UDP-glucuronidase activity of ‘GT2P’ [35]). Under the ‘best’ conditions, the UDP-glucuronidase activity amounted to 0.4% of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, which is ...
... cyclization between the anomericC1 of this ribose moiety (commonly termed ‘northernribose’ while the ribose linked to N9 of adenine is called the ‘southern’ ribose; Fig. 1) and the N1 of the adenine ... diphosphoribose. The development of novel cADPR analogues revealed new insights into the structure activity relationship. Substitution of either the northern ribose orboth the northern and southern ribose resulted ... Ca2+release [56]. This situation is unique for the northern ribose since replacement of the oxygen by a carbocyclic bridge in the southern ribosein the molecule termed cyclic aristeromycin diphos-phoribose...