the parathyroid glands hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia
Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 1) docx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... primary neoplastic disorders of the parathyroid glands (parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma) that are associated with increased parathyroid cell mass and impaired feedback inhibition ... PTH in the first 13 amino acids and binds the PTH receptor, thus mimicking effects of PTH on bone and the kidney In PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy, PTH levels are suppressed by the high ... for the ambient level of serum calcium also occurs with heterozygous inactivating calcium sensor receptor (CaSR) mutations, which impair extracellular calcium sensing by the parathyroid glands and...
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Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 2) ppt
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... calcium is ionized, and the rest is bound principally to albumin Although direct measurements of ionized calcium are possible, they are easily influenced by collection methods and other artifacts; ... anorexia, constipation, or pancreatitis) Hypercalcemia decreases renal concentrating ability, which may cause polyuria and polydipsia With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, patients may present ... following the QT interval (Fig 221-16) Diagnostic Approach The first step in the diagnostic evaluation of hyper- or hypocalcemia is to ensure that the alteration in serum calcium levels is not due to...
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Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 3) pps
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... immediate therapy, and management should be dictated by the underlying diagnosis By contrast, significant, symptomatic hypercalcemia usually requires therapeutic intervention independent of the etiology ... most often Other drugs, such as ketoconazole, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, may also decrease 1,25(OH)2D production and are used occasionally HYPOCALCEMIA Etiology The causes of hypocalcemia ... whether serum PTH levels are low (hypoparathyroidism) or high (secondary hyperparathyroidism) Although there are many potential causes of hypocalcemia, impaired PTH or vitamin D production are the...
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Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 4) potx
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... syndrome Parathyroid destruction Surgical Radiation Infiltration by metastases or systemic diseases Autoimmune Reduced parathyroid function Hypomagnesemia Activating CaSR mutations High Parathyroid ... production Vitamin D resistance, including receptor defects Parathyroid hormone resistance syndromes PTH receptor mutations Pseudohypoparathyroidism (G protein mutations) Drugs Calcium chelators ... Hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy Osteoblastic metastases with marked stimulation of bone formation (prostate cancer) Note: CaSR, calcium sensor receptor; PTH, parathyroid hormone ...
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Chapter 047. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia (Part 5) pps
Ngày tải lên :
06/07/2014, 15:21
... setting of hypocalcemia establishes absent or reduced PTH secretion (hypoparathyroidism) as the cause of the hypocalcemia Further history will often elicit the underlying cause (i.e., parathyroid ... phosphorus, and magnesium levels As for the evaluation of hypercalcemia, determining the PTH level is central to the evaluation of hypocalcemia A suppressed (or "inappropriately low") PTH level in the ... Patients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum calcium are relatively mild and chronic, or they may present with life-threatening complications Moderate to severe hypocalcemia...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Substernal oxyphil parathyroid adenoma producing PTHrP with hypercalcemia and normal PTH level" pot
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 07:21
... respectively) Recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged 24 hours after the operation Discussion These data confirmed the hypothesis of parathyroiddependent hypercalcemia A radioguided adenoma ... content DRperformed the gamma probe examination MTthe surgeon; approved the final version of the manuscript for publication All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript Acknowledgements ... the 3.2 cm excised ectopic adenoma and, lastly, to confirm removal of the pathologic gland, on the "background" operated area A biopsy of the right inferior parathyroid, though apparently normal,...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 20:20
... intraglandularly or found in Page of the proximal portion of the Wharton’s duct (submandibular duct) in 66.7% of cases, and in 33.3% they were localized outside the gland in the vicinity of the ... sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in children between weeks and 15 years of age As in adults, the leading symptom is a painful swelling of the afflicted gland that abates postprandial The literature ... all human tumors, and less than 10% of all juvenile head and neck tumors are located in the salivary glands [14] Only 1% of all head and neck tumors originate in the salivary glands, regardless...
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Báo cáo y học: "Cetuximab in the treatment of metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands: A case report and review of literature" doc
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 21:22
... high-grade MEC of the right submandibular salivary gland at another institution Postoperative radiotherapy was not advised, and three months later, the disease progressed locally and in the cervical ... writing and editing of the manuscript GM supervised the entire treatment, provided financial and administrative support and contributed in the critical reading of the manuscript All authors read and ... tumors of the salivary glands J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:3978-3984 The authors wish to thank Dr Paola Casieri for EGFR immunohistochemical and FISH analyses and Prof Alessandro Padovani and Prof Stefano...
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The Duality of Memory and Communication in the Implementation of a Multiprocessor Operating System
Ngày tải lên :
12/09/2012, 15:05
... 5.5 Fault Handling The Mach page fault handler is the hub of the Mach virtual memory system The kernel fault handler is called when the hardware tries to reference a page for which there no valid ... which there is a protection violation The fault handler has several responsibilities: • validity and protection - The kernel determines whether the faulting thread has the desired access to the ... access to the array and, if other clients had already referenced the data of the array, the physical memory cache of the array would be directly accessible to the client with no further message...
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Cambridge.University.Press.The.Crisis.of.Literature.in.the.1790s.Print.Culture.and.the.Public.Sphere.Nov.1999.pdf
Ngày tải lên :
21/09/2012, 11:00
... conservative propaganda, and with the break up of the radical associations and the consequent erosion of the links between these organisations and other intellectual currents and circles, the conditions ... of the age The complex intersection of these two histories – the political turmoil of the 1790s and the broader hegemonic shift towards the meritocratic bias of the professional classes – demands ... Wordsworth’s observation gathers together fears about the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and 10 The Crisis of Literature in the 1790s the information revolution ( the rapid communication...
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The graphs below show the numbers of male and female workers in 1975 and 1995 in several employment sectors of the republic of Freedonia
Ngày tải lên :
04/10/2012, 10:02
... answer: The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs In 1975, for example, some 300 000 men and ... worked in the communications sector Twenty years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000 A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail ... also made gains in both the finance/banking industries and in the defence-related public sector Whereas some 125 000 women worked in finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased...
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Financial liberalisation and the relationship between finance and growth
Ngày tải lên :
24/10/2012, 08:50
... grow quickly and others not That is, the variation in the dependent variables comes from both the time series and the cross-sections, and some pooling of data is necessary to address the questions ... and liberalization, on the one hand, and growth and growth volatility, on the other, were tradeoffs in democracies We explore briefly both lines of inquiry as a guide to further research 13 The ... IMF’s, is linked to the date of the liberalization Eichengreen forthcoming reviews the data and methodological differences among most of these and other studies (For discussions of the different data...
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Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: The MET syndrome – the challenges of researching and adopting medical emergency teams"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 10:35
... power due to the large variance in outcome incidence and wide standard deviation and the lower-than-expected incidence of the outcome measures under investigation Given the incidence and variance ... of control and the fact that nurses can activate the MET without requiring permission from them Ignoring these problems and not seeking to reassure medical staff is likely to increase the chance ... culture and medical practice has changed how the roles of ICU and hospital doctors and nursing staff are being viewed Nevertheless, allegiance to the traditional approach of initially calling the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Veterinary decision making in relation to metritis - a qualitative approach to understand the background for variation and bias in veterinary medical records"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 10:45
... the data in and of itself as the basis for taking relevant action at the farm They may skip the process of systematic analysis of data and give advice based on their immediate evaluation of the ... as the observer's immediate feelings, experiences, and thoughts on the subjects and the observed [9] However, we acknowledge the risk of influential interaction between the interviewer and the ... Veterinaria Scandinavica 2009, 51:36 diagnosis (including scoring) and treatment of metritis DBL directed the conversation through the themes and followed-up on the statements given by the interviewed...
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Techniques for developing content reading skills for the third year students at the university of odonto and stomatology
Ngày tải lên :
07/11/2012, 14:50
... during the reading process, readers on the way to discover what the author means and to build meaning for themselves at the same time in their own language, their thoughts, and their own view of the ... keep the classroom group and its individual members staying within the limits set by the school, the limits set by the teacher, and the limits set by the tasks at hand but maximizing learning The ... one hand and not re-taking the exams on the other hand Furthermore, the University of Odonto and Stomatology has been now co-operating with other universities worldwide such as France, the USA,...
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An investigation into the reality of teaching and learning speaking skills to the 2nd year non-major english students at pre-intermediate level of proficiency at hanoi university of industry
Ngày tải lên :
07/11/2012, 14:50
... encourage them to continue C Interrupt them and correct the mistake every time they make D Wait until students finish and correct all mistakes they made E Get angry and ask them to stop F Others ... participants, the settings of the study, the data collection methods, the data analysis, and the findings and discussions Chapter offers some possible suggestions to improve the teaching and learning ... to the year non-major English students would be made The thesis consists of three main parts: the introduction, the development, and the conclusion The introduction - gives rationale for the...
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The Art of Writing and Speaking the English Language
Ngày tải lên :
07/11/2012, 15:59
... b and p is that one has the voice sound and the other has not Most of the other consonants also stand in pairs We may say that the sonant consonant and its corresponding surd are the hard and ... LETTERS AND SOUNDS We must begin our study of the English language with the elementary sounds and the letters which represent them Name the first letter of the alphabet -a The mouth is open and the ... a hard sound as in the, than, bathe, scythe, etc., and a soft sound as in thin, kith, bath, Smith, etc Contrast breathe and breath, lath and lathe; and bath and baths, lath and laths, etc S has...
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The University of Labour and Social Affairs
Ngày tải lên :
09/04/2013, 08:49
... level, and other variables (Day and Bamford ,2002) 16 The level of global understanding required varies with the student's language proficiency, the nature of the texts, and other factors The aim ... gain the above purpose the study was designed to test the following hypotheses: • Null hypothesis: The students who take part in the program get the same result measured in a post-test and have the ... rate, the participants read an entire text, measured the time they spent, and calculated their wpm They read the passage times, and their rate was measured each time To compare means, only their...
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