... be the set of pairs in thegoldstandard such that the people involved in the pair in T communicate with each other These are precisely the dominance relations in thegoldstandard which can be ... richer network forthe core group, degree centrality is a better predictor for this group than forthe non-core group We also note that the prediction accuracy is by far the highest forthe inter ... calculate the degree centrality of every node in the email exchange network, and then rank the nodes by their degree centrality Recall that the degree centrality is the proportion of nodes in the network...
... The technique remains the "gold standard" forthe treatment of displaced and minimally comminuted olecranon fractures despite the introduction of new Page of (page number not for citation purposes) ... proved adequate forthe eradication of the infection while in the other elbows wound irrigation and surgical debridement were performed http://www.josr-online.com/content/3/1/9 The anterior ulnar ... in order to improve the biomechanical properties of the technique [20] Rowland and Burkhart [21] gave an emphasis on the mathematical need to put the transverse hole forthe figure-of-eight tension...
... rules for prefixes (e.g., re for performing something again) and suffixes (ed forthe past tense), and their exceptions The model requires that these affixes always be removed before lookup (of the ... of commonality The greater the number of features different identifiers have in common, the greater the probability that a reader will confuse one of them forthe other Minimizing the probability ... its definition to refresh the information; rather like a person repeatedly looking at their watch because they continually perform some action that causes them to forget the time and don’t invest...
... contain either of these suffixes— an unsigned type Because of the behavior of C++, the sequencing of some types on this list has changed from C90 The following shows the entries forthe C90 Standard ... appears in the constant There is no requirement on the implementation to follow the signed/unsigned pattern seen forthestandard integer types when octal and hexadecimal notation is used forthe constants ... before and after the decimal point (dp), and the total number of digit in a floating-constant Based on the visible form of the c and h files C++ Like C90, the C++ Standard does not support the...
... lvalue used foraccess return new_ obj_p; } For all other accesses to an object having no declared type, the effective type of the object is simply the type 959 of the lvalue used fortheaccess Commentary ... character type, then the effective type of the modified object for that access and for subsequent accesses that not modify the value is the effective type of the object from which the value is copied, ... type, then the type of the lvalue becomes the effective type of the object for that access and for subsequent accesses that not modify the stored value Commentary effective type 959 lvalue used for...
... .++i becomes the equivalent form: postfix 1046 operator i++; i The total cognitive effort needed to comprehend the equivalent form may be less than the prefix form, and the peak effort is likely ... requires information on a number of factors For instance, whether any double negative forms actually appear in the source, the extent to which the not spelling form provides a good fit to the application ... 1105 The integer promotions are performed on the operand, and the result has the promoted type Commentary The two contexts in which the integer promotions would not be performed, unless the unary...
... converted The usual arithmetic conversions are performed on the operands 1242 Commentary The discussion in the various subsections is the same as that forthe bitwise AND operator The result of the ... conversions are performed on the operands Commentary The discussion in the various subsections is the same as that forthe bitwise exclusive-OR operator 1247 The result of the | operator is the bitwise ... affect the conformance status of the program */ // ill-formed } Other Languages Strongly typed languages sometimes require the names of the types used to declare the operands to be the same There...
... causes problems for translators that perform sophisticated flow analysis, because the size of the object being accessed does not correspond to the size of the type used to perform theaccess Should ... reduce the effort needed to comprehend the source and reduce the cost making changes to the value in the future If the value or is stored into a nonzero-width bit-field of type _Bool, the value of the ... Support for variably modified types is new in C99 C++ Support for variably modified types is new in C99 and they are not specified in the C++ Standard Other Languages Java uses references for all...
... T,” the program is ill-formed.87) does not contain an exception forthe case of a function declaration Support forthe [*] notation is new in C99 and is not specified in the C++ Standard Other ... if 8.3.5p3 The C++ Standard does not define the term composite type Neither does it define the concept of compatible type, it requires types to be the same The C++ Standard transforms the parameters’ ... For a definition of a function, for instance f, there is no difference between the forms f() and f(void) There is a difference for declarations, which is covered in the following C sentence Other...
... { for (int la[10]; /* does not change the conformance status of the program */ // ill-formed ; ;) ; for (enum {E1, E2} le; /* does not change the conformance status of the program */ // ill-formed ... relatively uncommon For this reason the issue of the comprehension effort needed for this form of nested construct is not discussed The integer promotions are performed on the controlling expression ... begin/end pairs) within the then arm For instance, Algol 60 permits the usage IF q1 THEN a1 ELSE IF q2 THEN a2 ELSE a3, but the following is a syntax violation IF q1 THEN IF q2 THEN a1 ELSE a2 ELSE...
... Commentary The issues are the same as for object-like macros, with the addition of checks on the parameters Requiring that the parameters be spelled the same, rather than, for instance, that they have ... syntax if the directive does not match one of the two previous forms, because the syntax of this form has been matched It is a violation of semantics and therefore the behavior is undefined The method ... treated as the name of a file, possibly including a path The ordering of the search sequence used for directives having the form is often different from that used forthe form "q-char-sequence"...
... installed by the cabler must meet the ACA’s Labelling Notice requirements The A-Tick is part of those requirements The A-Tick label consists of two parts: the A-Tick Logo and other information that ... For more information on these brochures or any other matter, please contact the ACA’s T elecommunications Standards and Compliance T eam on (03) 9963 6800 or the website: www.aca.gov.au/standards.index.htm ... new products connected to the telephone network must carry an A-Tick or the old AUSTEL permit * All new products connected to the telephone network must carry an A-Tick or AUSTEL permit* or the...
... installed by the cabler must meet the ACA’s Labelling Notice requirements The A-Tick is part of those requirements The A-Tick label consists of two parts: the A-Tick Logo and other information that ... For more information on these brochures or any other matter, please contact the ACA’s T elecommunications Standards and Compliance T eam on (03) 9963 6800 or the website: www.aca.gov.au/standards.index.htm ... new products connected to the telephone network must carry an A-Tick or the old AUSTEL permit * All new products connected to the telephone network must carry an A-Tick or AUSTEL permit* or the...
... in C forthe integer benchmarks and, predominantly, Fortran and C forthe floating-point) The names of the programs are known and versions of the source code are available on the Internet The actual ... practice The source code for many of the tools used to extract the information needed to create these figures and tables is available for download from the book’s web site Measuring the characteristics ... document and adopting the ISO Standard Subsequent purchasers of the ANSI standard see, for instance, the words International Standard not just Standard X3J11 Updates to C90 Part of the responsibility...
... about the front of the boat and then asked a question about the rear of the boat The response time, when the question shifted from the front to the rear of the boat, was longer than when the question ... whether they did, or did not, conform to the rule When they believed they knew what the rule was, subjects had to write it down and declare it to the experimenter For instance, if they wrote down the ... lists The primacy effect refers to the better recall performance for items at the start of a list primacy effect memory The recency effect refers to the better recall performance for items at the...
... the requirements in the conformance standard, not the POSIX standard Lack of resources needed to update the conformance standard has meant that POSIX testing has become fossilized A British Standard ... specification forthe usage of shall does not appear in the C++ StandardThe ISO rules specify that the meaning of these terms does not depend on the kind of normative context in which they appear ... parties to conform to another API standard 139 translation phase TheStandard does not forbid extensions provided that they not invalidate strictly conforming programs, Rationale and the translator...
... sets Java specifies the use of the Unicode character set (newer versions of the language specify newer versions of the Unicode Standard; all of which are the same as Ascii for their first 128 values), ... one that accesses storage, if theaccess causes a page fault (causing the instruction to be suspended while the accessed page is swapped into storage) Another case is performing an access to ... provide semantics for them in source code (they are usually mapped exactly from the source to the execution character set) Java defines the same control characters as C and gives them their equivalent...
... discussed mathematically by Gay.[484] C90 The Recommended practice clauses are new in the C99 Standard C++ There is no such macro, or requirement specified in the C++ Standard Other Languages The specification ... specified in the C90 Standard C++ The C++ Standard does not explicitly specify the conventions used However, based on the examples given in clause 1.6 and usage within the standard, the conventions ... information they need to share with a The degree to which information flow and control flow follow each other will determine the ease, or complexity, of using parameters to access information The...
... alternative representation forthe type long, on others an alternative forthe type int, while on others it may not be an alternative for any of the basic types C90 Defining new keywords that provide ... of the storage location A pointer to the types int and float is the number of words (6 bytes) from the start of storage (the unit of measurement for other types is the storage alignment used for ... currently the default to be accessed, or the kind of storage to access may be encoded in the instruction that performs theaccessThe IAR PIC MICRO compiler[622] provides access to more than 10 different...
... system There is no requirement to minimize the difference between the modulus of the converted value and the modulus of the original value C90 Support for complex types is new in C99 C++ The C++ Standard ... sometimes forget about this step (i.e., they overlook the fact that the integer promotions are performed) The rule they jump to is often the one specifying that there need be no further conversions ... evaluating, for instance, the expression a[i] as a value and as an lvalue is that in the former case the result is the value, while in the latter it is the address of the i’th element of the array...