the mechanical properties of fibermatrix interfaces

... which specify the curvature of the line and are determined by the mechanical properties of the muscle as well as the structural features of the ventricle. This curve is called the "end-diastolic ... contraction there is a period of time during which the mechanical properties of the heart are characterized by the EDPVR; knowledge of the EDPVR allows one to specify, for the end of diastole, ... interaction between the ongoing contraction process of the cardiac muscles and the properties of the arterial system and is beyond the scope of this lecture. As the contraction process of the cardiac...

... gaps of Ge- core/Si-shell and Si-core/Ge-shell nanowires at the level of density functional theory, where the composition is defined as the ratio of the number of atoms of the core to the number of ... with each other, and thus the Young’s modulus of either core or shell is not the same as that of the isolated nanowire or the isolated nanotube. On the other hand, the Young’s modulus of a core–shell ... the existence of the region around the interface between the core and the shell of a core–shell nanowire. Basically, it is unreasonable for the core or the shell to include the volume of the whole...

... Inc. Æ À1 ¼1=5boundaryisoneinwhich1in5ofthegrainboundaryatoms match,asshowninFig.2.8(c). Twinboundariesmayformwithincrystals.Suchboundarieslieacross deformationtwinplanes,asshowninFig.2.8(d).Notethattheatomson eithersideofthetwinplanesaremirrorimages.Stackingfaultsmayalsobe formedwhentheperfectstackinginthecrystallinestackingsequenceis disturbed,Figs2.8(e)and2.8(f).Thesemaybethoughtofastheabsence ofaplaneofatoms(intrinsicstackingfaults)ortheinsertionofrowsof atomsthatdisturbthearrangementofatoms(extrinsicstackingfaults). IntrinsicandextrinsicstackingfaultsareillustratedschematicallyinFigs 2.8(e)and2.8(f),respectively.NotehowtheperfectABCABCstackingof atomsisdisturbedbytheinsertionorabsenceofrowsofatoms. 2.3.4VolumeDefects Volumedefectsareimperfectionssuchasvoids,bubble/gasentrapments, porosity,inclusions,precipitates,andcracks.Theymaybeintroducedintoa solidduringprocessingorfabricationprocesses.Anexampleofvolume defectsispresentedinFig.2.9.ThisshowsMnSinclusionsinanA707 steel.AnotherexampleofavolumedefectispresentedinFig.1.16(d). This ... Inc. whichisgivensimplybyÀðC A ÀC B Þ=r 0 ,thediffusionflux,J,maythenbe expressedas J¼D 0 exp Àq kT  dC dx  ð2:9Þ IfwescalethequantityqbytheAvogadronumber,thentheenergyterm becomesQ¼N A qandR¼kN A .Equation(2.9)maythusbeexpressedas J¼ÀD 0 exp ÀQ RT  dC dx  ð2:10Þ IfwenowsubstituteD¼ÀD 0 exp ÀQ RT  intoEq.(2.10),weobtainthe usualexpressionforJ,i.e.,Jisgivenby J¼ÀD dC dx ð2:11Þ TheaboveexpressionisFick’sfirstlawofdiffusion.Itwasfirstpro- posedbyAdolfHicksin1855.Itisimportanttonoteherethatthediffusion coefficientforself-diffusion,D,canhaveastrongeffectonthecreepproper- ties,i.e.,thetime-dependentflowofmaterialsattemperaturesgreaterthan $0.3–0.5ofthemeltingtemperatureindegreesKelvin.Also,theactivation energy,Q,inEq.(2.10)isindicativeoftheactualmechanismofdiffusion, whichmayinvolvethemovementofinterstitialatoms[Fig.2.11(a)]and vacancies[Fig.2.11(b)]. Diffusionmayalsooccuralongfastdiffusionpathssuchasdislocation pipesalongdislocationcores[Fig.2.12(a)]orgrainboundaries[Fig.2.12(b)]. This ... associated with the disappearance of smal- ler grains and the enhanced growth of larger grains. Due to the combined effects of these factors, a limiting grain size is soon reached. The rate at which...

... enter into the problem. The engineer must appreciate the relevant aspects of mechanical behavior at the different length scales. Furthermore, the size scale of the structure can affect the mechanical ... understanding of the mechanical properties of mate- rials. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabil- ities ... treatment of the fundamen- tals of the mechanical behavior of materials. The text provides a rigorous review of the fundamental mechanics aspects of the mechanical behavior of materials. Shackleford,...

... roles of the cell membrane. • The extracellular space and the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) connect to the cytoskeleton of the cells: The electronic functions of the cells and the ... improve the electrical functions of the ECM. Therefore the composition and degree of toxicity of the ECM-glycocalyx interface will affect the electrical field and the flow of biocurrents in the ... between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. The difference is known as the membrane potential. • Because the membrane potential is created by the difference in the concentration of...

... resonances without the concomitant appearance of other signals in other parts of the spectrum. This result could be a consequence of the paramagnetic properties of Fe(II), or it might arise from the presence of ... Fe 3+ Addition of Fe 2+ induced the displacement of several resonances in the [ 1 H, 15 N]-HSQC NMR spectrum of CyaY, but the most striking consequence of the addi- tion was the total disappearance of specific ... Details of the superimposition of the hydrophobic core of CyaY (blue) and CyaY–Eu complex (red). The side chains of the CyaY C-terminus rearrange as a long- range effect of binding. The figure...

... in the apparent K m values for these substrates. The interpretation of these results is complicated because the levels of uncoupling will be variable depending on the mutant and the nature of the ... cosubstrate binding. In the case of the R258K mutant this may be allowed because of disordering of the lysine side-chain, as was previously observed for the R258Q mutant (Fig. 1) [17]. InthecaseoftheR258Hmutantitismorelikelythatthe Fig. ... 2-OG conversion in the absence of a penicillin substrate) in the wild-type enzyme. Functional analysis of R160 and R162 by site-directed mutagenesis suggests that these two residues bind the nucleus of the...

... materials in the cell walls [Sjostrom 1981]. Alpha-cellulose is the main source of the mechanical properties of bamboo and wood [Janssen 1981]. Figure 2-5 presents the holocellulose content of bamboo ... the level of the solution in the flask remained below that of the boiling water. Samples were then removed from the water bath and filtered by vacuum suction into a fritted glass crucible of ... 13 separate the fibers. The diluted mixture was then spread evenly on to a transparent glass of 20 × 20 cm and another piece of glass was placed on top. The glasses with the fibers were then dried...

... absorbed in the intestinal tract, and reach the colon mainly intact [27]. They are therefore bio- available to the epithelial cells in the intestinal wall, where procyanidins and other phenolics ... investigated the relationship of different structural factors of procyanidins, such as the mean degree of polymerization and percentage of galloylation, with their antiproliferative potential and their ... Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and is one of the major causes of cancer-associated...

... alanines are likely. The manner in which the number of alanines determines the atomic structure of the fibril and the b-strand arrangements remains to be determined. Yet, knowledge of the structure and ... using the nanoscope analysis software. Chemical stability of fibrils The chemical stability of fibrils was tested after the fibrilla- tion process was completed (no further rise of ANS sig- nals). The ... 2006 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2006 FEBS Effect of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy-associated extension of seven alanines on the fibrillation properties of the N-terminal domain of PABPN1 Grit...

... taken to be the subject of the clause. This ap- plies to about half of all the instances where the function of the relative pronoun is ambiguous. 2. On the other hand, if the form of the sub- ... be made by the position of the verb because of the rule that in a subordinate clause the verb must normally come at the end. How, then, are we to deter- mine the function of the relative ... shall write the equations in the form which they assume when these units are used.) If, on the other hand, the number of the rela- tive pronoun proves to be identical with that of the following...

... Values of a 15 ( σ ) obtained from the construction of the master curve in Fig- ure 2.7(b). The second part of the experimental verification of time-stress superposition consists of fitting the shift ... change(s) of the main chain. The rate of conformational changes, i.e. the molecular mobility, is determined to- tally by the thermal energy available in the system. Increasing the thermal energy increases ... Molecular background Independent of the stress level or amount of deformation involved, the origin of the deformation of polymer materials lies in their ability to adjust their chain confor- mation...

... enter into the problem. The engineer must appreciate the relevant aspects of mechanical behavior at the different length scales. Furthermore, the size scale of the structure can affect the mechanical ... 1/3½1120. The diagonal axis of Type I, therefore, enables us to find the Miller–Bravais indices for any of the direc- tions along the axes on the basal plane. The other common type of diagonal ... in all of the electronic packages that are used in modern electronic devices. Since the reliability of these packages is often determined by the thermal and mechanical prop- erties of the individual...

... FXR1P and FXR2P. The regions predicted as fibrillo- genic by the WALTZ software [40] are indicated as red crosses. Fig. 2. Summary of the modular structure of FXR proteins (A) and of the constructs ... average diameter of 10 nm (Fig. 6D). They also clustered together and were often found to be decorated with the uranyl acetate stain. Taken together these results confirm a marked tendency of FXR constructs ... in humans. In a previous study, we described the biochemical and biophysical aggregation properties of constructs spanning the conserved region of FMRP and of two other human fragile X related (FXR) proteins,...

... the affinity of the PLRP2 for micellar sub- strates, and probably allows the interaction of the enzyme with the substrate structure. Whether the motion of the lid promotes the recognition of the ... works and resulting in the unmasking of the catalytic triad of the enzyme induced by the motion of the flap. The accessibility of the active site can be tested using the ability of an organophosphate, ... domain and bile salt only in the presence of the C2 domain. The inhibition of the active site serine by E600 needs both the motion of the flap and the recognition of the vehicle in which E600 was solubilized....