... number, and placed in separate numbered vials with females each of their own andthe tester strain After d the males were discarded andthe females placed in pairs of similar strain into laying vials ... compared with the heritability of crossbred performance (h!) The parameters the different means by which theinteraction may be in one case, as a change inthe ranking of sires, or in another, as ... Should theinteraction be absent, or insignificant, then selection within the purebred may be regarded as the method of choice When the genetic interaction is not significant, most of the gene...
... threonine biosynthesis pathwaysin Arabidopsis the following procedure was used Firstly, the kinetic links inside the branch-point andbetweenthe branch-point system andthe rest of the pathway ... for the branch-point betweenthe methionine and threonine biosynthesis pathwaysinthe plant was the qualitative model shown in Fig The allosteric interaction of TS with AdoMet was observed in ... threonine biosynthesis pathwaysInthe following the model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the two-enzyme system to the different input variables and to explain the behaviour of the branch-point...
... DISCUSSION To our knowledge, the work described here andinthe related publications [1,7] is the first kinetic analysis of thein vitro interactions Cyt f–plastocyanin and plastocyanin– Fig Comparison ... Table in [7] and Table in this paper) In what follows we summarize the expected contributions of binding and electron transfer to DHà and DSà and estimate their relative importance inthe light ... (as is the case for the analogous residue in Anabaena sp PCC 7119, R88 [15]) and if theinteraction with photosystem I is the reason for having acidic residues inthe interface (especially the better...
... pathway in A nidulans [40] Even if L-isoleucine and L-valine are degraded in A nidulans as they are in yeast, then the formation and conversion of the L-leucine Ó FEBS 2003 Activation of alc genes in ... 3559 Fig The branched-chain aliphatic amino acids L-valine and L-isoleucine not induce the alc system Transcript analysis was performed in a wild-type strain Induced mycelia were grown inthe presence ... the utilization of putrescine [47], we could confirm that the diamine needs to be converted into the corresponding aldehyde to induce the alc genes; putrescine does not induce the alc system in...
... The situation in paper production and printing industry ˿ The situation in printing and finishing industry ˿ Circumstances inthe workshop ˿ Paper handling 11 ˿ ˿ ˿ ˿ Blistering Breaking inthe ... tearing inthe internal structure of the paper and blistering inthe printed areas (see figures) binding agents and coating pigments used, the amount of binding agents contained inthe paper and ... bars andthe former fold, causing the print to smear and preventing successful processing inthe folding unit Two-sided printing in a printing unit Heatset inks settle (or “set”) when the thin-liquid...
... also interact with the ARNT via their ligand-binding domains and activate the target genes This kind of interaction is E2-dependent and involves physical interaction of the ERs with C-terminal ... shown to inhibit several estrogeninduced responses inthe rodent uterus, mammary gland andinthe mammalian cell cultures (reviewed in [12,13]) The cross-talk betweenthe ERα and AHR signalling pathway ... incorporated into the developing oocyte by receptor-mediated endocytosis [3,4] and processed into three smaller proteins: phosvitin, a phosphorus containing protein, and two lipid containing proteins,...
... XRE sequences inthe promoter regions of the target genes to regulate their expression Conclusion The findings inthe present study demonstrate the interactions between NP and PCB-77 in primary ... (E2)-induced hepatic synthesis of egg yolk protein (Vtg) and eggshell protein (Zr-protein) precursor, respectively, their secretion and transport in blood to the ovary and their uptake into maturing ... significantly increased inthe combined PCB-77 and NP exposure group, compared with NP exposure alone (Fig 4F) Discussion Inthe present study, we investigated the ER-AhR interactions and their mediated signalling...
... (EVH) domain inthe Nterminus, a Cys-rich domain very similar to that of Spry inthe C-terminus, and a central domain that mediates the binding to KIT, the KIT-binding domain (KBD) (Kim and BarSagi, ... (Raf kinase inhibitor protein) Rather than interfering with the catalytic activity of kinases inthe pathway as inthe case of the phosphatases, RKIP binds to both Raf and MEK and prevents their ... contained inthe N-terminal CR1, and binds to GTP-bound Ras with high affinity In addition to the RBD, CR1 also contains a Cys-rich domain Both the RBD and Cys-rich domain are essential in targeting...
... what is the clinical significance of theinteractionbetween Src and MVP in those cancer cells, which are overexpressing these proteins Furthermore, Src may not be the only tyrosine kinase that ... nitrocellulose, then immunoblotted with anti-Flag mAb and anti-Src mAb The PAP treatment markedly reduced theinteractionbetween MVP and Src, suggesting that theinteraction is dependent on protein tyrosine ... tyrosine kinase activity Domains within Src kinases target the enzyme to specific subcellular locations where they bind to regulatory and ⁄ or substrate proteins and are integrated into cell signalling...
... more of these ligand-binding clusters Some inhibition was also observed with the CD91 ligands a-2-macroglobulin and exotoxin A These ligands occupy the CD91 ligand-binding cluster II and IV, thereby ... partners of CD91 and C1q inhibit their interaction To characterize the CD91–C1q interactionin more detail, the ability of known ligands of either protein to interfere with binding was investigated ... an inhibitor of the C1q–CD91 interactionThe calreticulin inhibition indicates that only a part of the binding sites on C1q is shared between CD91 and calreticulin No binding was detected between...
... Binding of NrpRI to the operator sequence was further verified by EMSA, as described inthe Materials and methods, using a radiolabeled PCR product of the glnK1 promoter, including the BRE- and ... further verifying formation of a complex between NrpRI and NrpRII The presence of 10 mm 2-oxoglutarate significantly decreased the binding of MBP–NrpRI to the operator as well as the binding of the ... domains participate and are required for the full 2-oxoglutarate response Evidence was obtained that the conserved amino acids C148 and L195 located inthe first, and C389 and H435 located in the...
... of them involve the modes starting from adenine obtained inthe first simulation and include methyltransferase and SAHH2 in addition Some others involve the modes starting from adenosine obtained ... is involved in these pathways Since adenine is a substrate of ADPRT, the elevation of ATP inthe absence of adenosine kinase shows that adenine must be released inthe process before being incorporated ... 10 pathways starting from adenosine (rather than S-adenosylmethionine) and involving SAHH1 inthe backward direction and SAHH2 inthe forward direction This is a novel result because these pathways...
... participated inthe preparation and conduct of the study andthe editing of the article MEL participated inthe conduct of the study andthe editing of the article KHL participated inthe preparation and ... of the study andthe editing of the article TvL participated inthe preparation and conduct of the study, the statistical analyses andthe writing of the article All authors read and approved the ... women most in need may be those obese and feeling depressed Regarding mental HRQL, obesity and diabetes as interacting factors seem worth of further scrutiny In future studies, the underlying pathophysiological...
... users and corresponding information in order to utilize them during theinteraction with humans Finally, the expression system executes the behavior accordingly and expresses emotions of the robot ... naturally and emotionally interact with humans For the music-aided affective interaction, the mood of the music is recognized inthe perception system and is utilized inthe determination of the user’s ... data In addition, we will investigate an ideal combination of emotional features and classifiers including SVM and HMM inthe proposed approach Competing interests The authors declare that they...
... anti-BSA inthe solution These findings may enhance our understanding of antigen/antibody binding processes inthe presence of drug molecules, and hence indicate the AFM could be helpful inthe design ... polymyxin B affected the molecular interactionbetween lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein-LPS complex andthe receptor protein using AFM and different structures of the drugs resulted in different ... protein-protein interactions In addition, increasing the solution IS may disrupt the hydration shell coating on protein surfaces and thus reduce repulsive interactions betweenthe two interacting surfaces [38]...
... inandbetween individuals It was no surprise, therefore, that when we did the analyses on an individual patient basis, no differences inthe proportions of patients with and without spinal inflammation ... showed inflammatory lesions at BL as compared with those edges that had not been inflamed in either the BL or the 2yFU Nevertheless, our findings are in line with previous data of ours [26,28] and ... imaging of the spine andthe sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis before and during therapy with etanercept Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64:1305-1310 15 Sieper J, Baraliakos X, Listing J, Brandt J,...
... changes The Δ 6-desaturase is integral to both pathways; the enzyme introduces the initial double bond into linoleate forming g-linolenate inthe ω-6 pathway and introduces the double bond into linolenate ... differing relative doses and regimes, and so the effectiveness of short term lipid lowering in blood plasma may be variable The detected increase in certain TAGs containing C16 and C18 saturated and ... using the murine 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line The ob/ob mouse was used to investigate the influence of PPAR activation on adipose tissue metabolism in a model of insulin resistance and obesity The...
... evaluate theinteraction of injected steroids and ritonavir We advocate that any use of steroid supplementation, including intra-articular injection, should be used with caution inthe setting of ... review by the Editor -in- Chief of this journal Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions All authors participated inthe drafting of the manuscript ... is exploited to increase the bioavailbility of other PIs and increase their dosing intervals [7,8] However, ritonavir increases the concentration of exogenous steroids through the same mechanism...
... is indeed more immunogenic than deltaREP (convDNA vaccines) [32,33] Replicon induced CD8+ T cell responses inthe absence of TLR signalling Earlier studies investigating innate signallingpathways ... important signalling molecule for the induction of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, is needed for a fullminant immune response Interestingly, the immune responses are suppressed in both ... has not yet been investigated in head-to-head comparisons if these are the same for DREP vaccines In this study we investigated if innate signallingpathways are important for the immunogenicity...