... sources, the third states the phoric status ofthe tie, andthe last presents the chain relation in terms ofthe address of all the preceding members in the chain Tables and summarise the total ... spaceship The planet They There The spaceship The two astronauts The woman It She We It Both of them They All plants and Animals They They Everything The man Nothing Something He I The engines He That ... complexes analysed for theme, 17 have Our analysis shows that most ofthe unmarked theme and have marked themes in the text belong to the plane of theme At the beginning ofthe text, ideational...
... to the libraries IV PREFACE ofthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Library of Harvard University, the Boston Public Library and to the Library ofthe American Academy of Arts and Sciences ... to the Boston Atheneum and to the libraries of Columbia University, N Y., andthe Surgeon General's Office andthe Patent Office in Washington The author also desires to express his thanks and ... removed as the tetrahydrated chloride together with the remainder ofthe silica, and in a form which permits of easy washing The beryllium may then be recovered, after oxidation ofthe iron, by...
... Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, andof salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma ofthe anal canal: results of ... follow-up and time-to-recurrence was calculated from the beginning of RT to the day of recurrence or the date of last follow-up Survival curves for the two groups were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier ... survival and local control irrespective of split-course regimen However, different patient characteristics and techniques between theinstitutions on various levels, andthe reluctant use of chemotherapy...
... stroke: at the end ofthe intake stroke, both inlet and exhaust valves are closed The inertial action ofthe crankshaft in turn lifts the piston which compresses the mixture The ratio ofthe combustion ... openings in the bore wall The upward and downward motion ofthe piston simultaneously opens and closes these portholes The air-fuel mixture then goes in or out ofthe combustion chamber through the portholes ... rotation The combustion ofthe air-fuel mixture takes place in the chamber formed between the piston andthe cylinder head The piston then moves up and down in the cylinder via combustion pressure and...
... between the piston andthe cylinder bore is too narrow, then the expanded piston will touch the bore wall instantly If the clearance is too wide, it will cause blowby ofthe combustion gas when the ... 2.2, 2.27 and 2.40) The difference is in the shape ofthe coolant passages at the mating plane to the cylinder head The open deck type has a fully open coolant passage at the deck, whilst the closed ... should look not only at the surface, such as the hardness andthe coefficient of friction, but also the quality ofthe substrate on which the modification is implemented The castings must have...
... follows the uneven shape ofthe cylinder bore wall Both the distorted cylinder andthe swing motion ofthe piston make the ring gap open and close repeatedly During this motion, the degree of side ... to break the ring A lack of lubrication also causes material failure The surface roughness ofthe ring groove and degree of groove and side 92 Scienceand technology ofmaterials in automotive ... into the clearance between the ring and ring groove The ring lifts in the groove with the inertial force during the exhaust cycle The piston ring 109 JIS-B8032 prescribes that the decline of the...
... Nomenclatures ofthe valve The shape from the crown to the neck is designed to give a smooth gas flow Figure 6.3 shows the position and relative motion of each part ofthe valve mechanism The motion ofthe ... at the solidification point The solidification temperature of cast iron is proportional to the sum ofthe percentage of carbon and one-third ofthe percentage of silicon This is known as the ... application, whilst the central portion is softer at 25 HRC These microstructures correspond to the chill of Fig 5.11(b) andthe flaky graphite 122 Scienceand technology ofmaterials in automotive...
... melting thematerials (a) The rotating rod (left) is slightly pressed to the stationary rod (right), so that friction heat is generated at the rubbing plane (b) The heat softens thematerials Then the ... for the valve and valve spring to follow the cam Valve float is the term given to unwanted movements ofthe valve and valve spring due to their inertial weights To avoid this, the load ofthe ... turn ofthe coil spring vibrates up and down at high frequency, independently ofthe motion ofthe entire spring It takes place when the natural frequency ofthe valve spring coincides with the...
... 8.10 Design of forging process The function ofthe forged part determines the required shape, material, accuracy and so on For the mechanical designer, the accuracy and strength ofthe part is ... rod (con-rod) and piston, to smooth revolutions The con-rod rides on the crankpin via a plain bearing The main bearing ofthe crankcase supports the main journal ofthe crankshaft The deep grooves ... at the surface because ofthe rapid cooling andthe high carbon concentration on the surface The part does not undergo a martensitic transformation internally because ofthe slow cooling rate and...
... coil heats and austenitizes the surface, and then the part is quenched in water The depth of heating is related to the frequency ofthe alternating current; the higher the frequency, the thinner ... hardening25 ofthe crankpin andthe corner radii between the crankpin and web The assembled crankshaft uses induction hardening ofthe hole into which the crankpin is forcefitted andofthe corner ... stress Soft silver-plating protects the side surface ofthe retainer holding the rollers from side thrust The performance and life of bearings are very important in extending the life ofthe engine...
... prevent separation ofthe joint during operation, and so the bolt must be able to withstand the tightening load andthe maximum inertial force To reduce the weight ofthe big end, the bolt hole should ... tend to separate the joint between the body and cap Even a slight separation increases friction loss at the big-end boss, and shortens the life ofthe plain bearing The stress on the con-rod bolt ... only to the shape ofthe big-end boss but also to the rigidity ofthe bolt itself The big-end boss should remain circular when the connecting rod bolts are tightened The mating planes in the joint...
... used The response and combustion efficiency ofthe wheel in acceleration is related to the inertial moment, a function ofthe weight The lower the weight, the lower the inertial moment and therefore ... the fuel and lubricant condense The quantity and composition ofthe particles depends on the combustion process, quality of diesel fuel and efficiency of after-treatment The soot is a solid and ... center ofthe housing The expanded engine exhaust gas is directed through the exhaust manifold into the turbine housing The exhaust gas pressure andthe heat energy extracted from the gas cause the...
... at low cost The third column lists the means for meeting the requirements of each function, andthe fourth column lists the properties required ofthematerials used The shape ofthe camshaft, ... Figure C.3 (c) shows the microstructure of a 0.8% carbon steel consisting of pearlite In the region ofthe mixture of α + γ, the amount of cementite 272 Scienceand technology ofmaterials in automotive ... temperature ofthe water will rise until it is the same as that ofthe room This is the equilibrium state, and it will remain stable unless the temperature ofthe room is changed The phase diagram...
... dislocation cannot move through the grain boundary, and thus the metal is strengthened The smaller the grain size, the greater the number of dead ends, hence the stronger the iron Microstructural hardening: ... strain in solid solutions The radius ofthe white circle (atom) is different from that ofthe black circle.1 quarter ofthe tire size and these stones are densely dispersed, the driver has to take ... showing dislocations The distorted atomic arrangement of a dislocation scatters the transmitted electron beam, which causes the linear shadow in the photograph The misalignment ofthe atoms continues...
... thermal conduction 87, 90 thermal distortion 30–1 thermal expansion piston design to compensate 65–8 use of silicon to decrease thermal expansion of aluminum 58–9 thermal mass, reducing 239 thermal ... temperature hardness and piston ring temperature during operation 70–2 recrystallization and recovery 171–3 strength of piston materials at high temperatures 76–7 temperature distributions of valves during ... reinforcement of piston ring groove 72–6 use of silicon to decrease thermal expansion of aluminum 58–9 piston curve 65–7 piston pin 1, 7, 54, 55 piston ring 1, 6, 7, 54, 55, 87–109 designing the self-tension...
... glucan and then test their various immunity parameters The best review of all was published in the Journal ofthe American Nutraceutical Association (v 3, 2001) This was done at the University of ... private cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies and not published They realize the profit potential here, and want to patent and protect any discoveries they make Therefore, most of this chapter ... Switzerland They used topical glucan to protect skin from UV radiation and to promote the growth of keratinocytes (growth cells) in humans and enhanced the immune system ofthe skin generally The...
... Library ofthe History and Philosophy ofScienceandthe Library ofthe Dcpartmcnt ofMaterialsScienceand Metallurgy, have been an indispensable resource Professors Derek Hull, Colin Humphreys and ... Washington and Charles Yost ofthe Air Force’s Office of Air Research was put in charge of making this happen Thereupon Donald Stevens, head ofthe 12 The Coming ofMaterialsScience Metallurgy andMaterials ... on the Emergence and Evolution ofMaterialsScience (Turnbull 1983), defined materialsscience “broadly” as the characterisation, understanding, and control ofthe structure of matter at the...
... University ofthe Health Sciences, and George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 2The Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, ... established and officially recognized, EM has such close and extensive interactions with the rest ofthe health care system and with other specialties that documenting the direct effects of EM alone ... to the introduction of EM Despite these challenges, the authors found that an extensive body of medical literature has been published over the past several decades that supports the value of...