... interventions themselves,but also to the people andthehealth systemssupporting them andthe epidemiological and I Askew, M Berer / Reproductive Health Matters 2003;11(22):51–7367 In the Women and ... care to the mother and reduce the likelihood of MTCT of HIV. ‘ The core goal of all medical therapy is to bring the patient’s viral loadto an undetectable level. When that goal is reached, the chance ... behaviour and procre-ation, and intensif ying concerns about human rights. At the level ofthe individual and the family, AIDS is complicating sexual relationships and threatening the ability...
... Assessment ofthe System of Implementing the MCH Services The Health workers assessed the implementation ofthe health services in terms ofthe adequacy of budget and supplies, adequacy ofthe workers ... informed ofthe services; described the system of how these services are supported andthe flow of their delivery. The assessment by the 178 health workers focused on the adequacy ofthe budget and ... to go to thehealth centers. This may result to the lack of knowledge ofthe mothers ofthe potential dangers of not seeking professional health services during their pregnancy andthe detrimental...
... degenerativedisease ofthe brain andthe leading cause of SENIL-ITY in the United States. About 4 million Americanshave Alzheimer’s disease, roughly 10 percent of the U.S. population over the age of 65 and ... larynx, hairgrowth, and muscular development. Testosteronemaintains the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and sperm production ofthe testes. The inner region ofthe adrenal gland, the medulla, is ... bronchioles (the small airpassageways ofthe lungs). It stimulates the release of free FATTY ACIDS from fat stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE and the release of glucose from glycogen. The effects of norepinephrine...
... larynx, hairgrowth, and muscular development. Testosteronemaintains the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and sperm production ofthe testes. The inner region ofthe adrenal gland, the medulla, is ... health. This change represents a health revolution,”based on advances in the science of nutrition. It iseven changing the outlook ofhealth professionals. The old model of curing disease and ... is the foundation of good health. This new model ofhealth care emphasizes the importance of personal choices and lifestylemodification, especially the critical role of diet inmaintaining health. ...
... ends of long bones ofthe arms and legs. Red bone marrow fills the cavities and the ends of some long bones and most flat bones. Inadults, red marrow is the site of synthesis of redblood cells and ... particles and eases their passage into the stomach and initiates starch digestion by the enzyme salivary amylase. The act of swallowingmoves the food past the epiglottis and down into the esophagus, ... obsessedwith the fear of obesity. They fear being unloved,being judged in terms of their appearance and degree of success. Food, eating, and weight controlbecome obsessions, dwarfing other areas of theirpersonal...
... powerhouses. The oxidation of pyruvate andof acetyl CoArequires the B vitamins NIACIN, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMIN, and PANTOTHENIC ACID, which form key enzymehelpers (COENZYMES). The complete oxidation of each ... DIET.)caviar The roe of sturgeon and other fish that hasbeen salted and pressed. Sturgeon ofthe CaspianSea yield 90 percent ofthe world’s caviar, althoughthis source is endangered by overfishing and ... no nutritive value and is notabsorbed. Irish moss, which grows along the shores of Maine andthe Maritime Provinces of Canada, the British Isles, Scandinavia, and France,is often added to chocolate...
... re-cent set of dietary recommendations established by the Food and Nutrition Board oftheInstitute of Medicine. They update and expand the RECOM-MENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES the benchmark of nutritional ... represents the last5 feet ofthe intestine. It is shaped like a hooparound the mass ofthe small intestine. The upwardleg ofthe hoop represents the “ascending colon”; the top ofthe hoop represents ... con-sumption lowers the risk of hypertension and related heart and kidney diseases, and adequateFIBERintake helps maintain thehealthof the digestive tract and lowers the risk of colon cancer.ANTIOXIDANTS...
... muscle.epithelial tissue (epithelium) The tissues lining the cavities and ducts ofthe body and all body sur-faces. The epithelium forms the skin, the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and ducts of ... occurring in the blood and other body fluids and in solutions in general. Electrolytes control the distribution of water among the blood, cells, and tis-sues, andthe spaces between them; thus, ... like the LIVER and PANCREAS, the urinarytract, the reproductive system, the respiratory tract and the blood vessels.There are several fundamental types of epithe-lium. Simple squamous epithelium...
... supportive food chain The linkage ofthe feeding habits of animals to each other and to the plants they con-sume. As the ultimate consumer of foods, humansare at the top ofthe food chain. Livestock, ... convenient method of estimating body FAT. This test relies on a mea-surement ofthe width of a fold of skin on the back of the upper arm or other part ofthe body. Skin foldmeasurements, together with ... sub-stances that limit the growth of pathogenic organ-isms and stimulate the IMMUNE SYSTEM. The composition of colonic bacteria varies with the composition ofthe diet, the transit time (the speed with...
... digestivetract and other cavities. Gastric glands in the lining of the stomach secrete GASTRIC JUICE for digestion. The parotoid and salivary glands produce SALIVA.Sudoriferous glands in the skin ... aging, CROHN’S DIS-EASE, cystic fibrosis, and alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The more refined and processed the foods in the diet, the greater the risk of developing gallstones.High-fiber diets ... found in wheat, rye, and othergrains. Together with glutenin, the other majortype of GLUTEN protein, gliaden is responsible for the stickiness of dough. The high gluten content of wheat FLOUR...
... controlled by the nervous system andthe ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. The regulation and integration of these two systems isaccomplished by the PITUITARY GLAND, the HYPO-THALAMUS, andthe ADRENAL GLANDS. The ... (contraction of smooth muscles of the DIGESTIVE TRACT), andthe secretion of most glands,including sweat glands, glands producing digestivejuices (salivary glands, pancreas, stomach, and intestinal glands), ... vessels, and cardiac muscles. The parasympathetic and sympathetic portions of the autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM counterbalance eachother. The sympathetic division adapts the body tostress, while the...
... people with IBS the urge may come sooner,with cramps and diarrhea. The strength of the response is often related to the number of calories ina meal and especially the amount of fat in a meal.Fat ... about one-quarter of the length ofthe small intestine and averages 2.5inches (6.5 cm) in diameter. The opening between the terminal portion ofthe small intestine (ILEUM) and the large intestine ... the end ofthe menstrualcycle. Elevated CORTISOL from the adrenal glandsinhibits the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN(ACTH) from the PITUITARY GLAND. ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol.Enzymes...
... about 8 feet long and liesbetween the DUODENUM (the first 10 inches) and the ILEUM, the last 12 feet of small intestine. Likeother regions ofthe small intestine, the jejunumpossesses a large ... jaundice reflects the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Bilirubin isproduced during the degradation ofthe red pig-ment ofthe oxygen-carrying protein HEMOGLOBINduring disposal of aged red ... few ofthe vitamins and trace miner-als, and none ofthe fiber lost during foodmanufacture.Overnutrition is a second consequence of dietsrelying on junk foods. Junk food is a major sourceof...
... passes through the convolutedtubules ofthe nephron, where most ofthe sodiumchloride is reabsorbed into the blood. The tubuleshelp regulate the sodium content andthe pH of the blood by exchanging ... regions of Africa, the Near East, Asia, and Central and South America, the disease often be-gins with the birth of a second child. The weaned,first-born child must then rely on cereals, often ... causedehydration and electrolyte imbalances that furthercompromise the patient’s health. Urine represents the concentrated waste; 99percent ofthe water has been reabsorbed by the time urine reaches the...