... for their own learning; the right of learners to determine the direction of their own learning (Benson and Voller, 1997:1) While the first time when the term learnerautonomy was used insecond ... themselves” (Nguyen (2014:16)) 1.2 LearnerautonomyinlanguagelearningIn fact, inthe traditional education setting, the main and most important element is the teacher, then the learners The ... view oflanguagelearning as a means to an end (autonomy for language learning) and as an end in itself (language learning for autonomy) ” (1997: 5) There was always a duality inthe definition of...
... success in English learningofthe learners at the Border Guard Academy - To examine the extent of effect oflearner ideal self on the success in English learningofthe learners at the Border ... improvement in English studying Based on the data analysis in 3.1.6, the findings ofthe study have revealed the role oflearner ideal self to the improvement in English learningofthe learners at the ... working in a group Group learning activities at the core of foreign languagelearning are one component of actual communication inthe target language With these, the L2 learners can use the...
... ‘[a]lthough meanings are inthe mind,” they have their origins and their significance inthe culture in which they are created’ And he adds, ‘human beings not terminate at their own skins; they are ... 15 of 25 TheImportanceOf Teaching Culture InThe Foreign Language Classroom 1/14/10 11:34 PM be assisted in taking an insider’s view ofthe connotations of these words and concepts In other ... competence, challenging their ability to make sense ofthe world around them (Kramsch, 1993: 1) The teaching of culture is not akin to the transmission of information regarding the people ofthe target...
... are working together in pairs or groups Start by training them to listen to each other using non-verbal responses only Research shows that there is a strong link between the amount of eye contact ... your learners as well as listen to them, particularly while they are performing tasks Look for signs of being bored or being lost Encourage your learners to make eye contact while they are working ... receive and their degree of participation in group communication inthe number of turns taken in a group conversation for example The NLP approach to eye contact is holistic and individualistic,...
... xuất lương thực (như quay vòng chất dinh dưỡng, ngưng kết chất nitơ, quản lý sâu bệnh thống v.v.), đặc biệt sử dụng tốt tri thức kỹ người nơng dân tăng cường tự tin khả họ Định nghĩa Smyth Dumanski ... lượng công việc kinh tế việc nhà tạo gánh nặng cho họ, (c) luật lệ phong tục không cho phép người phụ nữ tiếp cận tới đất đai, tín dụng, đầu vào, việc làm, giáo dục, thông tin hay y tế Sự khác ... cận lực khuyến khích học tập cá nhân xã hội Thay đổi kĩ thuật ln q trình phức tạp với yếu tố sinh-lý kinh tế - xã hội Đó khơng việc giới thiệu khía cạnh kĩ thuật mà kết suy nghĩ hoạt động đài phát...
... study how the information inthe account helps the bank, i.e instead of analyzing the benefits of providing jointly a loan and a checking account to the same borrower, we examine the impact of relationships ... results in Tables 11 and 12 we find that the availability of savings banks inthe regions increases the likelihood that borrowers obtain loans We also find evidence for theimportanceof screening In ... logarithm ofthe number of branches over population as our main instrument This variable is constructed using the number of all branches of each savings bank and the number of inhabitants ofthe particular...
... t is thein interaction ofthe results of these asynchronous processes that the process of comprehension is defined 4.1 The processes are independent ofthe knowledge representations defined ... activation of a l l meanings of each recognized word in HOPE, the determination ofthe phonetic representation of a recognized word determines the breadth of active competition amon meanings for ... i c study Because ofthe import of articles inlanguage processing, as b r i e f l y mentioned, how they are represented is of great interest when one wants to In explaining the representation...
... According to these definitions and theimportanceof SMEs in manufacturing industries in this research, the author chose these types of companies Strengths and weakness characteristics of SMEs in ... academics Following the primary expansion ofthe conceptual model, feedback was obtained from participants inthe industry and academics The objectives of obtaining feedback on the model include: RELATED ... companies based inthe electronics industry in Iran have approached the implementation of their projects in real time with less cost By investigation into and interview with some of these companies,...
... and the entropy of a single feature: G(D, f ) = H(D) − H(D f ) The information gain G(D, f ) is the reduction in uncertainty in D we expect to achieve by learningthe value ofthe feature f In ... =vi ) is the entropy of subset ofthe instance base which has value vi for feature f The information gain of a feature then is simply the difference between the total entropy ofthe instance ... statistical and machine learning techniques to the problem of predicting the order of prenominal adjectives in English The scores for each ofthe methods are summarized in table The best methods...
... nature ofthe revision process by language learners 2.1 Feedback inLanguageLearning Receiving feedback is a crucial element inlanguagelearning While most agree that both the form and content of ... first task, therefore, is to convert them into a machine-actionable, XML format conforming to the standards ofthe Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) This conversion consists ofthe following steps: ... which our data was collected (§3.1), then describe the kinds of comments inthe drafts (§3.2) We then outline the conversion process ofthe corpus into XML format (§3.3), followed by an evaluation...
... and let LT be the set of yields ofthe transformed derivations of G Inspecting the rewriting rules, it is clear that every string of L.G/ is the permutation of a string in LT : the transformation ... grammar GT that generates the yields ofthe set of all transformed derivations of G As the set of terminals of GT , we use the set of terminals of G To form the set of nonterminals, we take all categories ... transfer ofthe argument =c from the secondary premise With this picture in mind, we will view the two occurrences of =c inthe secondary premise and inthe conclusion as two occurrences of one and the...
... results in Tables 11 and 12 we find that the availability of savings banks inthe regions increases the likelihood that borrowers obtain loans We also find evidence for theimportanceof screening In ... logarithm ofthe number of savings bank branches over the population inthe area the respective savings bank is operating in Natural logarithm ofthe Hirschman-Herfindahl-Index (HHI) which measures the ... Borrower Industry Borrower Industry Job Stability years Internal Rating Rating – Rating 12 External Rating Rating – Rating Log(Income) is the natural logarithm ofthe monthly net income of...
... schools) Furthermore, only 40% ofthe studies took place in secondlanguage or immersion settings The other studies took place in foreign -language settings Notable in examining the effectiveness of strategies ... answering correctly on the word meaning posttest Higher levels of English proficiency were associated with more learningof vocabulary In discussing the findings, the authors note theimportanceof ... sounds inthesecondlanguage than they inthe first For example, the /b/ in English can be pronounced as either a /v/ or /b/ in Spanish, and the “i” in English as inthe word “it” is pronounced in...
... (1996) An investigation into the validity of written indicators ofsecondlanguage proficiency In A Cumming and R Berwick (Eds.), Validation inLanguage Testing (pp 72–93) Clevedon: Multilingual ... write the guidelines (Appendix C) As seen inthe survey of 124 LanguageLearning Vol 47, No previous research, other studies did not report problems in identifying the error-free units Furthermore, ... vowel was written Inthe context ofthe essay, if “want” was intended, the writer should have used the verb inthe past tense One rater thought the writer intended “want,” the other “went.” Questionable...
... symptom The remaining 10 (46%) complained of a mix of occasional pain, swelling and stiffness, occasional instability and occasional clicking and locking 15/17 ofthe full-time professional international ... cartilage injuries inthe knee joint, although the majority of studies involve fewer than 50 injuries Recently, Rubin et al demonstrated that the presence of subchondral oedema inthe knee may be indicative ... where the oedema disappeared The mark was made parallel to the joint line and the reading was taken perpendicular to the two lines The perpendicular line was measured using a ruler and then measured...
... abundant inthe genomes of bacterial pathogens As expected, the authors confirmed that TheImportanceof Biological Interactions inthe Study of Biodiversity the presence of these prophages was in ... detected in any section ofthe crypt region Biofilms are the leading cause of contamination of medical devices and in industrial and agricultural settings The initial adhesion and further colonization ... Certain factors have been found to be decisive in determining the range of hosts of herbivorous insects Among the most important are (1) the secondary compounds inthe plants, (2) the presence of...
... order”(p.9) Since then, there has been a movement of promoting the use ofthe mother tongue inthelanguage classroom Professionals insecondlanguage acquisition have become increasingly aware ofthe ... parcel of everyday language use for the majority ofthe world population These scholars have agreed that since the mother tongue and target language co–exist inthe learners‟ mind, inthelearning ... principles ofthe target language Both Swan (1985) and Dajani (2002) maintain that learning a secondlanguage is the continuation ofthe already existing L1 knowledge L2 learners refer to their...
... under the title of “Integration of Four Skills” 1.2.2.2 Integration of skills The integration of skills is a combination of four language skills including Listening, Speaking, Writing and Reading ... Conclusions Skills are the building blocks oflanguagelearning process They are effective elements of teaching and learning process Implications In conclusion, the findings of this study has suggested ... separated into two as inthe chart below: Grammar Integration of areas Language functions Topics/themes INTEGRATION Listening Integration of skills Speaking Writing Reading Figure 1: Classification of...
... thelanguage skills -reading, speaking, listening and writing- while teaching and practicing thelanguageIn short, the integration of skills is a combination of four language skills including ... setting for language teaching /learning 1.2.5 The disadvantages of integrated approach While generally agreeing with the general concept of integrating language skills teaching method, many ofthe ... questions for the missing information in each text Their information and then talk task is to make questions to find to their partners to find out out the missing information in 20' the missing information...
... sell them inthe towns A few ofthe villagers, including women, go out to catch fish inthe streams and rivers found inthe village Though the people ofthe village not usually earn much, yet they ... contented Inthe afternoon, most ofthe villagers are at home Some of them take a nap after lunch; some work in their small gardens, and some visit the small shops inthe village In various parts ofthe ... village The workers inthe village leave their homes early inthe morning to work inthe plantations or towns nearby Some have their own plantations, and some make certain articles in their homes...