... investigationof the catalytic mechanism and substrate speci city and to understand the differences therein for this classof enzymes. In order to identify the subsites of the ervatamins and to understand ... both the molecules of the asymmetric unit runs along the extended backbone ofresidues 65–64 and is partly exposed to the solvent(Fig. 2B). On the other hand, the P3 moiety of E-64 ineach of the ... using the programs cns [58] and detwin and sfcheck in the CCP4 suite [59] confirmed that the datawere twinned, and allowed us to calculate the twinningfraction (0.394) (Fig. 6A,B) andthe twinning...
... binding of the Sfbgly interactions with the aglycone. Thus, the effectof the alteration of the glycone structure in the stabil-ity of the ESàcomplex (DDGà) for the wild-type and mutant ... another important issue in understand-ing the aglycone speci city is the contribution of the interactions with the aglycone to the catalysis inb-glycosidases. Mutational studies with ZmGlu1 and SbDhr1 ... is that the interactions with aglycone do not affect the binding of the glycone within the Sfbgly active site.This hypothesis was further investigated by deter-mining the influence on the glycone...
... attached to the culture dish. Furthermore,cells expressing the JSP1-G2A mutant remainedattached to the dish despite the fact that the mutantprotein was expressed at similar levels to those of the wild-type ... in the floatingcells (Fig. 5C). Taken together, these data indicatedthat JSP1-wt, but not the -G2A mutant, induceddetachment of cells and induction of apoptosis, furtherdemonstrating that the ... counted. The results are the mean of three experiments(±standard error of the mean). (C) Cos-1 cells were transfected with vector only, JSP1-wt or -G2A. Cells detached from the culture dish and attached...
... resulted in 55% and 51%loss of the initial activities of BHLmL2 and BHAb,respectively. These results strongly suggest that Ser isinvolved in the catalytic activity of BHLmL2 and BHAb and are consistent ... respectively. The influence of pH on the activities of the BHenzymes was investigated in the pH range 6–11. The pH optima were determined to be in the basic range(pH 8.0–10.0) for BHLmL2 and BHAb ... 6 and Fig. 4, the Hill equation provided an excellent fit, withcoefficients of determination of 0.992 for BHLmL2 and 0.997 for BHAb. In addition, the fits of the V = f(S) curves were sigmoidal and...
... evaluated by the statistical potentialused in the present study. In the case of the RNA muta-tions to the SRP complex, the mutated RNA residuesare located in a double-stranded region of RNA, and donot ... onto the RNA bases nearest the center of the b-sheet structure of the RRM. We then scoredthese sequence-variant structures with the distance-dependent potential function.Figure 2 shows the ... score; the blue line represents the rank of thesesequences using the distance-dependent potential. The points ineach colored line are sorted independently by rank; the x-axis is the sort order. The...
... enhance the activity along and access to the Hillsborough River and Garrison Channel, thereby extending the economic value of the waterfront into the Center City . The North Downtown Village | The ... Neighborhoods and Our River for Our Future | 41 The future land use map reects the portrait of densities, intensities, andthe variety of uses within the Center City. The Downtown Core and its ... The East-West Green Spine | The Center City will have an attractive and safe cross -city multi-purpose trail that links the eastern and western Center City neighborhoods to the Riverwalk and...
... dehydro-genase and its speci city, but also has widersignificance for the study of coenzyme speci city inother enzymes.Results and DiscussionInitial kinetic analysis The coenzyme speci city of the mutant ... before the steady state is reached: the presence or absence of aburst provides information on the position of the rate-limiting step along the reaction pathway, and the amplitude of the burst ... resultingfrom splitting off the nicotinamide ring, suggestingthat the covalent bond between the nicotinamide and the ribose of the coenzyme is particularly labile. The signal of the parental molecule...
... internal membrane side is the rate-limiting s tep and not – as proposed for most of the other electrogenic symporters – the return of the unloadedtransporter to the outside of the membrane [17].In ... alanine, serine and proline but also osmolytes such as sarcosine and betaine, and the D-enantiomers of serine and alanine. The apparent affinities of PAT1 substrates are mainly in the range of 2–15 ... The apparent Kmvalues ofD-Pro,D-Ala and OH-Pro increased only 1.5- and 2.1-fold bydepolarizing the membrane from )120 to )20 mV. On the other hand, the affinity of b-Ala did not change significantlywithin...
... 3B). Thus for the SBD tree there is not anobvious border between the hydrolases and transglycosi-dases, but rather there may be one between the compactcluster of Bacillus and Thermoanaerobacter ... 251 CGTase with the SBDsfrom the CGTases from Thermococcus sp. B1001, Bacillusohbensis,andThermoanaerobacter thermosulfurogenes are37.3%, 63.8% and 74.0%, respectively. Even for the acarviose ... supports the ideathat there has been a separate evolution of this domain [30].This together with the findings of the present study indicatesa separate evolution of the domains C and E compared tothe...
... of the services; described the system of how these services are supported andthe flow of their delivery. The assessment by the 178 health workers focused on the adequacy of the budget and ... to the mothers while seeking the services of the centers. Since the researchers could not get enough respondents from the health centers, they went to the elementary schools where other mothers ... procedures and to know whether the newborn babies are being managed well by the mothers. As to the health services for the children, immunization is the top priority of the health centers. There...
... synthesis.Conclusions The N-termini of the catalytic domains of the GTFA and GTFO reuteransucrases are the main determinantsfor glucosidic linkage speci city. Within these N-ter-mini, the ... a)8barrel with the three catalytic resi-dues (Fig. 1C), determine the types and ratios of glu-cosidic linkages synthesized (Table 1). The A1⁄O1 and A2⁄O2 regions within the N-termini of the catalytic ... sequencing),both p15-GTFA-dN-RS and p15-GTFO-dN-RS weredigested with XbaI and SalI, SalI and SacI, and SacI and KpnI, and corresponding fragments were exchanged, yielding the six constructs p15-GTFA-O1-dN-RS,...
... speci city is morepronounced andthe synthetic capacity is, respectively,increased. In the latter system PA behaves as a typicaltransferase [14,15]. The nucleophile or S1Â [16] specicity of the ... close to the position found in the complex with PG [19]. The bond lengths and valence anglesof the nitroaniline moiety were taken from the X-ray datafor the system cyclophilin A andthe tripeptide ... described [26]. The other substrates were obtained in dry organicsolvents in the presence of organic base (pyridine,N-methylmorpholine). The solvents used for the synthesisof the respective...
... state (ESà) complex andthe rate of the reaction.Thus, in theory, modifications of the enzymatic speci city could be accomplished by changing a ctive-site residues. The role of the noncovalent interactions ... or451 and glycone 4-OH or 6-OH. The resulting data wereused to clarify the speci city of family 1 b-glycosidases, aswell as to predict the s peci city of new Sfbgly50 mutants.Materials and methodsAll ... Glycone hydroxyls 4 and 6 were designated 4 and 6, where ÔeÕ stands for an equatorialhydroxyl and ÔaÕ for a n axial one. Therefore, the interactionbetween any residue at position 39 and an equatorial...
... mayinfluence the shape and volume of the acyl binding pocket and thereby alter the binding mode and affinity of the enzyme for PAA and derivatives thereof, while maintaining the hydrophobicity of the binding ... site.To test the effect of the mutations on the speci city forphenylacetylated substrates, the steady-state kinetic param-eters for the hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrateNIPAB andthe inhibition ... AD and P refer to the acyl donor and product, respectively. The speci city (kcat/Km)ofPAfortheproduced antibiotic is in general 10-fold higher than the speci city for the corresponding acyl...
... Development andthe Chinese Eco -City 29 lution andthe resulting implications for health and well being. Urbaniza-tion itself affects the people who live in the peri-urban and rural areas through the ... cultural centers. And because the authorities control the instruments of zoning, employment, housing, wage levels and physical layout, they can bend the environment to the city. These urban planners ... independence and strength, but they are distinctive from the government and NGOs in that they straddle and sometimes bridge the worlds of governmental agencies and NGOs. Although they were creations...