... a is the examined n-gram, C-value'(a) calculated from step 2, wei(a), the calculated from step 4 sum ofthe context weights for a, N the size ofthe corpus in termsof number of words. ... carry the same amount of informa- tion, or should they be assigned different weights? 2. The investigation ofthe assignment of weights on the parameters used for the measures. Currently, the ... also suggest the likeli- hood ratio for theextractionof two-word English terms. (Frantzi and Ananiadou, 1996), besides the frequency of occurrence, also consider the frequency of the candidate...
... words ofthe terms, the distribution of predicates which have the terms as arguments, and the distribution of modi-fiers oftheterms are contextual information. General terms usually tend ... measuring the specificity of domain-specific terms. The preci-sion of 82.0% is good performance compared to upper bound of 87.4%. 4.2. Error Analysis One reason ofthe errors is that the names of ... information. Specificity ofterms is the quantity of domain specific information that is con-tained in the terms. The methods are modeled as information theory like meas-ures. As the methods don’t...
... in the translation of health insurance terms in the US health plans 29III.2.1. The translation ofterms by transference procedure (the use of loan words) 30III.2.2. The translation ofterms ... importance ofthe readership to the choice of lexical word is undeniable, 22TABLE OF CONTENTSPART A: INTRODUCTION 11. Rationale 12. Scope ofthe study 23. Aims ofthe study 24. Methods ofthe ... single HI terms that account for significant proportion ofthe total collected terms. II.2.2. Compound terms These are terms which are composed of two words or more; these words, which are of different...
... important role in the development of Mechanical Engineering. The thesis studies the English – Vietnamese translation ofterms in the materials for Mechanical Engineering. First, the thesis collects ... Engineering terms and Vietnamese ones. Next, the thesis works out and compares the English terms with the Vietnamese ones to finds out appropriate Vietnamese equivalents for the English terms. The thesis ... translation strategies which can be applied in the English-Vietnamese translation ofterms in materials for mechanical engineering. Hopefully, the result ofthe study would be useful in technical translation...
... thoroughly states “in theorynegative is not as forceful as the positive; in fact the force ofthe double negative dependson the tone of voice, and therefore the appropriateness of this modulation ... Besides the twelve common groups of mechanical engineering terms discussed above, the thesis also takes account of neologisms which consist of both simple terms andcomplex terms that are new terms. ... that are new terms. In the process of carrying out the study on the English-Vietnamese translation ofthe above twelve groups of terms, new terms andunfamiliar/unpopular terms are always taken...
... ABSTRACT The paper introduces a grammar formalism for defining the set of sentences in a language, a set of labeled trees (not the derivation trees ofthe grammar) for the representation ofthe ... representation for a given string ofterms (because its topology is indepen- dent ofthe derivation tree ofthe grammar), as well as the nature ofthe correspondence between the two (for example, according ... is the design ofthe multilevel structures, while the grammar formalism is the tool (notation) for expressing these multilevel structures, their related sentences, and the nature ofthe correspon-...
... landmark.Theme: The central idea in this story is the love between Delia and James and the sacrifices that they make to please the other.Climax: The most exciting part ofthe story is when the characters ... Gift ofthe Magi Literary Terms This Gift ofthe Magi literary terms synopsis includes theterms referenced directly from the short story. This well known story, ... purchase the other a gift. She sells her hair to buy him a watch fob; he sells his watch to buy her tortoise shell hair combs.Understanding the Gift ofthe Magi Literary Terms Narrator: The story...
... anything the quality ofthe mutual rank ratio results are being understated by the evaluation metric, as the metric is returning a large number of phrasal terms in the higher portion ofthe n-best ... length cutoff), then the actual rank of __ end is the rank we calculate by ordering all contexts by the frequency with which the actual word appears in the context. We also rank the set of contexts ... a corpus of 6.7 million words with a cutoff of N=10. The resulting n-gram set had a maximum recall of 2,610 phrasal terms from the WordNet gold standard, and found the best figure of merit...
... comments to the paper. tion requirement. Unfortunately one ofthe cur- rent trends in IE is the progressive reduction of the size of training corpora: e.g., from the 1,000 texts ofthe MUC-5 ... entries in the lexicon. The BL could be seen as the complementary set of the FL with respect to the generic language, i.e. it contains all the words ofthe language that do not belong to the FL. ... mentioned, there are two problems related to the use of generic dictionaries with respect to the IE needs. First there is no clear way of extracting from them the mapping between the FL and the...
... setforth in the Old Testament,probably one-half of the married men ofthe present dayAll our Doctors are Regular Graduates,and their Diplomas are Registered in the Office ofthe County Clerk, ... is the mostcommon cause, and we therefore give it the most prominence. The others we willname briefly in about the order of theirfrequency.1. MARRIAGE EXCESSES.—A very the reputation of ourphysicians ... honor, honesty and fair dealing of the Agency. We court the fullest andfreest investigation, either by patientsthemselves or any friends of theirs inthis city, either of whom we shall behappy to...
... diameter. The administration ofthe sewers, in the time ofthe Republic, was in the hands of the censors, but special officers calledcuratores cloacarum were employedduring the Empire, and the workmenwho ... returns."It was the custom for patients to sleepunder the portico ofthe Temple of Æsculapius, hoping that the god of the healing art might inspire them in dreamsas to the system of cure they shouldadopt ... tended to the decay of courage and thus to lessen the prowess ofthe Roman legions, but therewas compensation for this state of affairs at the heart ofthe Empire becausestrong streams of capable...
... reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content with out ofthe form ofthe original. The advantage of this type of translation is that the text in TL sounds more natural. On the contrary, the ... chage to the form ofthe term. Instead, they result from: Expension: extending the meaning of a term by giving it a new meaning, as in shift from the concrete to the abstract or from the abstract ... needs ofthe learners 2. ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities ofthe discipline it serves. 3. ESP is centered on the language appropriate to these activities in termsof grammar,...
... “Frequently, the form ofthe original text is changed; but as long as the change follows the rules of back transformation in the source language, of contextual consistency in the transfer, and of transformation ... produce the same effect on the readership of translation as was obtained on the readership ofthe original”. He also sees equivalence effect as the desirable result rather than the aim of any ... amount of effort and time to study.However,due to the limitation of time and knowledge,my study could not cover all the terms, but only focus on the popular terms in the interface of common...
... reproductive organs atpuberty The female generative organs The function ofthe reproductiveorgans The age of puberty in the female The function ofthe ovary The function ofthe womb—Why—Venereal ... futuremother—Motherhood the highestfunction ofthe sex—Health the onenecessary essential—Symptoms of the first, or beginning menstruation The period of puberty in the female—Changes in the reproductive ... vesicles, testicles, and of the kidneys. Gonorrheal rheumatism mayfollow, and even disease ofthe liningmembrane ofthe heart, and death.that the combined ravages ofthe GreatWhite Plague,...