the devices jan m rabaey

... Operation Summary REGION NMOS Vtn = .7v k’ = 80 µ A/V 2 PMOS Vtp = 7v k’ = 27mA/V 2 Off V gs <V tn I ds =0 V gs >V tp I ds =0 Linear V gs >V tn & V gd >V tn V gs <V t & V gd <V tp I ds = ... k’(W/L)(V gs -V t )V ds -V ds 2 /2) Saturation V gs >V tn & V gd <V tn V gs <V tp & V gd >V tp I ds = (k’/2)(W/L)(V gs -V t ) 2 (1+ λ V ds ) Jan M. Rabaey The Devices Digital Integrated Circuits © ... Channel exists: Enhancement mode transistor R n+n+ p-substrate D S G B V GS + - Depletion Region n-channel V ds does not matter I ds Average Gate Capacitance Most important regions in digital...

... Circuits 2nd Devices Reverse Bias Reverse Bias x p n0 n p0 -W 1 W 2 0 n-region p-region diffusion The Dominant Operation Mode © Digital Integrated Circuits 2nd Devices The Body Effect The Body Effect -2.5 ... Circuits 2nd Devices The Diode The Diode n p p n B A SiO 2 Al A B Al A B Cross-section of pn-junction in an IC process One-dimensional representation diode symbol Mostly occurring as parasitic element ... Linear n + n + p-substrate D S G B V GS x L V(x) +– V DS I D MOS transistor and its bias conditions © Digital Integrated Circuits 2nd Devices Transistor Model Transistor Model for Manual Analysis for Manual Analysis © Digital...

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... 20  householdlevel–forexamplefromimpactsonsavingandinvestment,toriskspreadingandinsurance. At the macroeconomiclevel,therecouldbeimportantimpactson the moneysupplyandinflation,with implicationsfor the extentofCentralBankregulationand the conductofmonetarypolicy.Wehopeto exploretheseissuesempiricallyinfuturework. References Chattopadhyay, ... other users.Itwasasmallstepfor the recipientusertoon‐sell the receivedair‐timetoalocalbrokerinreturn forcash,orindeedforgoodsandservices,thuseffectingatransferofpurchasingpowerfrom the ini tial senderto the recipient. InMarch2007, the leadingcellphonecompanyinKenya,Safaricom,formalizedthisproce durewith the launch of M PESA, an SMS‐based money ... households or other networks.Economically weaker family members might expect larger and more regular remittances frombetter‐off city‐dwellingrelatives, who themselves might findit...

... services.  Method of selling may be list price or auction (Facetime).  It offers live customer support for e- commerce web sites. [ex: Amazon] (c) M. Civilka E-commerce Bussines Models Pyramid (c) M. Civilka Merchant Model Classic ... whether a transaction occurs. [ex: Apartments.com, NewHome Network, Match.com, Monster] (c) M. Civilka Voluntary Contributor Model  Similar to the traditional public broadcasting model.  The ... infomediary model. F R E E M O D E L Business models on the web (c) M. Civilka, 2002 (c) M. Civilka Advertising  The web advertising model is an extension of the traditional media broadcasting model. ...

... (later) Network Media 16  Communication across a network is carried on a medium. The medium provides the channel over which the message travels from source to destination  Network media: The medium over ... functionality.  Describe the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.  Describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications. Protocols 30  ... Comments) Example: TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP Communicating the Messages 00101010100101010101010101010101010 I have to wait… Continuous stream of bits 5  Single communications (e.g. video, e-mail message)...

... improved access, CASE the thin “isthmus” of the “dumbbell” fractured during dissection so that the deeper part of the tumor was excised separately from the main speci- men. The tumor bed in the ... thin rim of friable tumor which merged with the appendix to form the tumor mass. Histologically the lesion was a moderately dif- ferentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. The tumor was seen lining the ... several enlarged lymph nodes (the largest measured 20mm in diameter). There were no other abnormalities on examination of the abdominal viscera or peritoneum. Twenty-five cm of jejunum was resected,...