... study called the Stern Review commissioned by the Chancellor ofthe Exchequer in the UK, presented an assessment ofthe anticipated impacts of climate change As a foreboding sign ofthe content ... all ofthe 192 nations that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol (as of December 1, 2009) have introduced initiatives to support the development of renewable energy Many ofthe top economies ofthe ... strategic stages of warfare contributed significantly to the downfall of both the German and the Japanese armies during the 1940s (Yergin, 1993) In recent times, the world witnessed the perils associated...
... action in the field of IPRs; (3) the relevancy ofthe TRIPs agreement and the period of 1995 to 1999 to the international IP agenda, and (4) the manner in which the data-gathering supported the efficacy ... regarding the value ofthe reward and the ways for granting it to the inventor The second focuses on the need to finance the reward With respect to the former, a government can reward the inventor either ... (the dispute between the EU and Canada, the dispute between the EU and India, and the IP position ofthe EU at the Seattle ministerial meeting), coupled with existing data about the ability of...
... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side and proponents of weak fundamentals as the major cause on the other ... when the bank is economically insolvent The tradeoffs involved will, among others, be of a public choice nature and include the importance ofthe particular financial institution to the local economy ... credit away from other segments oftheeconomy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the time ofthe systemic crisis This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of already weak...
... Gertler 2004) Another Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only core theme in the understanding ofthe role ofthe state in the knowledge-based economy (innovation ... Lofgren & Benner ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only ThePoliticalEconomyofthe ‘New Biology’: Biotechnology and the Competition State Abstract The central ... Philip G 1990 TheChanging Architecture of Politics: Structure, Agency and the Future ofthe State London: SAGE Cerny, Philip G 1997 Paradoxes ofthe Competition State: The Dynamics of Political...
... from the governments ofthe Länder (states) The Zentralbankrat is then again consulted In the Netherlands, the president and the director-secretary ofthe Nederlandsche Bank are appointed by the ... clusters: the appointment, dismissal, and legal term of office ofthe governor ofthe central bank; the institutional location ofthe final authority for monetary policy and the procedures for the ... the percentage ofpolitical changes that are followed by changes in the governorship ofthe central bank They therefore develop an indicator ofthepolitical vulnerability ofthe central bank,...
... variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness ofthe economy, the level of debt and the share of agriculture, and with other socio-economic factors, such as the age ofthe population, ... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal The third tenet ofthe formal voting theory emphasizes the importance ofthe form ofthe voting game’ On the contrary, there are ... 16 Thepoliticaleconomyof taxation The volatility ofthe income will also affect the magnitude ofthe welfare state If the fluctuation of income increases (for example as a consequence of industrial...
... calculated on the basis ofthe length of 180 GERMAN POLITICS their insurance record and the amount of contributions paid (calculated as a percentage of income, up to a cut-off point) In addition, the 1957 ... changes in the gross pay of active workers The main aim ofthe government’s pension policy was to adjust the revenues ofthe pension insurance funds to the expenditure required to serve the entitlements ... weakening ofthe tripartite structure ofthe Bundesagentur to a rather vague appeal to the ‘elites ofthe nation’ to assist in creating employment opportunities for the unemployed The commission’s...
... perish the thought!5 In a similar vein, and in recognition ofthe national aspirations ofthe Australian code, the editor ofthe Footballer suggested in 1881 that the sooner the name ofthe game ... scholars offer a detailed comparative analysis ofthe history of each code across various states.2 Geoffrey Blainey, on the other hand, in the penultimate chapter of his book on the origins of Australian ... overview serves as the foundation for more detailed analyses ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe football world in the period after World War II, a task taken up in the remaining chapters ofthe book Murky...
... the societal debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe environment Naturally, given the breadth of ... is the first to concentrate exclusively on thepoliticaleconomyofthe global environment, striving to integrate the debates within the “real world” of global policy and the “academic world” of ... environments The issues that shape the relationship between the global politicaleconomy and the environment are, of course, often technical and scientific But they are frequently also socioeconomic and political...
... other western countries The Philippines, on the other hand, served as the extension ofthe US market in the Pacific Since their full integration into the global economy in mid-19th century, the ... and the Philippines, civilian rulers prevailed even during periods of authoritarian rule The differences in the organization ofthepolitical leadership owe much to the construction ofthepolitical ... forces: in the economic model, the state retreats from the economy, and the market ensures the efficient allocation of resources (World Bank 2002, Friedman 1999); in thepolitical model, the state,...
... individual has ofthe likely behavior of others Strategies are designed based on the individual’s perceptions ofthe likely benefits or costs that they will receive in light of their own and others’ actions ... regardless ofthe level ofthe target group Finally, since the development agency is the source ofthe aid, it usually retains a great deal of control over the distribution of these resources ... utilize theory to put the answers together, explain processes, and predict outcomes Economic theory, game theory, the theory of complex adaptive systems, transaction cost theory, and theories of public...
... the societal debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe environment Naturally, given the breadth of ... is the first to concentrate exclusively on thepoliticaleconomyofthe global environment, striving to integrate the debates within the “real world” of global policy and the “academic world” of ... concentrations of carbon dioxide—could mean an even higher rate of extinctions.54 The history of deforestation is typical ofthe destructive impact ofthe global politicaleconomy Almost half of world’s...
... xiii Thepoliticaleconomyof development Institutions ofthe global economy Frontier institutions Why is money so important? Institutions matter Chapter plan 12 Money in thepoliticaleconomyof ... readers to put the development industry into the context ofthe global politicaleconomyof development, or at least that is the book’s aim In other words, despite all the recent talk of poverty ... economic and political orthodoxy ofthe advocates of globalisation Also available The End of Development: Modernity, Post-Modernity and Development Trevor Parfitt ThePoliticalEconomyof Turkey...
... the Northern states, borrowing money from them rarely helps the poor, it just deepens the debt cycle and turns the private sector ofthe developing country into a playground for the rich ofthe ... sources The Great Predators then lend, with attendant terms of conditionality But because these Great Predators are captured by firms of Northern states, and because they serve the interests of their ... the reader to the contours ofthepoliticaleconomyof development and the institutional regime within which ‘creditor states’13 compete and co-operate in the extension of markets The term ‘creditor...
... possibilities and denials In other words, in the promotion ofThe Market’ ofthe structural adjustment programme (SAP) period, a deepening ofthe management of markets by the IFIs took place: markets ... and have-nots is maintained; the technical slights of hand are the implementing policy machine ofthepoliticaleconomyof development It is worth looking beyond the jargon Similarly, we saw ... that the privilege ofthe IFC’s position relative to the country’s government, and the investment guarantees they would insist on, would shelter them from all sorts of risks and threats to their...
... ‘free’ trade (and the associated reduction ofthe ability of governments to tax moving goods), the role of assuring profitability in the circuit of finance capital, particularly at the international ... senior official in the CDC in 1993, referring to the case of Kenya, noted that the CDC would take investment decisions: by understanding the human nature of these people, how they are moving and the ... were the ‘winners’ ofthe Second World War Since 1948, these have pooled their resources in a global system of public credit Politically, this system collectivised the management of empire, as the...
... arguably, the Corporation became the sole acceptable representative ofthe British state, with promotion of local citizens and the presence ofthe Regional Controller and office which ‘took the edge off ... reintegration into the world economy, with the CDC acting as the chair ofthe ‘committee managing the common affairs ofthe whole bourgeoisie’, to misquote Marx The CDC was in co-operation with the World ... interests: those ofthe British state which sponsored it and the particular interests ofthe people it would employ overseas given the structural position ofthe colonies in the world economy and...
... because of it, as the analysis in this book argues Bearing this in mind, the rest of this chapter, and the next two, will explore the suggestion that the process ofthepoliticaleconomyof concessional ... risk in the markets ofthe South, emerged This chapter has given an historical review ofthe frontier institutions ofthe British state and an account ofthechanging role ofthe CDC in managing ... since the: security offered for the loan was not and could not be challenged Apart from the fact that the assets ofthe Corporation amounted to many times the amount of any loan contemplated, the...
... in terms of other types of comparative benchmarks, such as large relative to the size ofthe markets in which they are spent, or large once combined with the additional finance they often ‘leverage ... Israel or Egypt, the worst was to be Cuba from 1959); and, finally, the developmental objective, which is of course the one which is the subject ofthe most publicity Under the category of geostrategic ... with their own plant and factories, such as roads or electricity Simply put, the workers ofthe global South are buying, through their debt repayments, the means of their own exploitation Thus, the...
... widely, as well as a rare insight on the profitability ofthe Great Predators The MMC ranked the profitability ofthe CDC and other bilateral equivalents in terms ofthe gross income that each organisation ... policy At the end of 2004 had a total invested portfolio of around €55 mill Representatives ofthe Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sit on the board of directors The bank’s ... overseas, rather than the reality of a situation where the flow is in the other direction in terms of many ofthe poorest countries and is in the UK’s favour overall So what about the much publicised...