... I TheBasicPrinciplesofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis 1 Why GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis are Important 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 The early development of genetics The advent ofgenecloningand ... PART I TheBasicPrinciplesofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis | Why GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis are Important | Vectors for Gene Cloning: Plasmids and Bacteriophages | Purification ofDNA from ... Applications ofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis in Biotechnology 223 13 14 15 16 Production of Protein from Cloned Genes 225 GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis in Medicine 245 GeneCloningandDNA Analysis...
... I TheBasicPrinciplesofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis 1 Why GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis are Important 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 The early development of genetics The advent ofgenecloningand ... PART I TheBasicPrinciplesofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis | Why GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis are Important | Vectors for Gene Cloning: Plasmids and Bacteriophages | Purification ofDNA from ... Applications ofGeneCloningandDNAAnalysis in Biotechnology 223 13 14 15 16 Production of Protein from Cloned Genes 225 GeneCloningandDNAAnalysis in Medicine 245 GeneCloningandDNA Analysis...
... broader sense of utilit ari anism inherited and absorbed the el ement s V of rites and musi c from the Zhou politi cal culture Xun Zi ’s empiricism reflect ed the t rend of ret urning to the empi ... erns of cultures — the poli tical and intellectual culture s ofthe Zhou d ynast y and t he Warri ng St ates peri od Speci fi call y, uti litari anism was the mainst ream thinking duri ng the ... ABSTRACT Xun Zi was one of t he great est C onfuci an thinkers in the pre-Qin peri od The purpose of thi s t hesis is to i nterpret the basi c charact er of his philosoph y First of all, it argues...
... 288-292。不同的是,郭沫若专注在宋钘与荀子的比较,而杜国庠使用了“宋 尹学派”的提法,白奚使用了“稷下学派”的提法。 16 Masayuki Sato, The Confucian Quest for Order: The Origin and Formation ofthe Political Thought of Xun Zi (Leiden: Brill, 2003), p.162 17 在荀学研究中,人们常用名学、辩学等概念指代荀子的逻辑学,其涵义虽未 ... 质。其实,荀子说的“礼”只是科学意义上从经验事实中归纳出来的原理,而 不 是 哲 学 意 义 上 的 形 而 上 学 。 见 The Confucian Quest for Order: The Origin and Formation ofThe Political Thought of Xun Zi , pp.230233。 106 徐复观〈荀子政治思想的解释〉,见《中国思想史论集续编》,页 ... Graham, Disputers ofthe Tao : Philosophical Argument in Ancient China, p.107 “Crisis”一词见该书第二章标题,但该章中实际使用 的概念是“形而上学的疑惑”。 51 关于本体论的概念和历史的详细综述,有兴趣的读者请浏览 Raul Corazzon, “Theory and History of Ontology”...
... EMSAs To further determine the cooperation between the NEG-U and NEG-D elements, lg ofthe NEG-U decoy, lg ofthe NEG-D decoy, and a combination of lg of each ofthe decoys were used, andthe above-mentioned ... Results Cloningofthe 5¢-upstream region ofthe Pokemon gene To identify the regulatory sequences that control expression ofthe Pokemon gene, a 2204-bp section ofthe 5¢-upstream region ofthe ... responsible for the strong activity ofthe Fig 5¢-Deletion analysisofthe Pokemon promoter Progressively truncated fragments ofthe upstream region ofthe Pokemon gene were inserted into the pGL3-basic...
... dimensions; 1) the use of pre-specified conceptual and measurement models; 2) the strength of empirical support for the reliability and validity ofthe scale(s); 3) the responsiveness of PRO to clinical ... statistical relationship between the latent construct andthe measured items, andthe ε1 represents the random measurement error in the ith measured item The Convenience scale ofthe Treatment Satisfaction ... construct Like the MCI model, the strength ofthe causal relationship between the item and construct is defined using a proxy measure ofthe latent construct The weight estimate ofthe indicator...
... affinity of Fpg for the THF:C ligand was 1.6-fold higher than for the THF:A ligand The presence of Mg2+ had little effect on the binding of Fpg to the THF:C ligand and slightly improved binding to the ... evaluate the effects of ionic strength and Mg2+ on the activity and specificity of OGG1, we measured the apparent values of k2 and k3 under conditions of low salt (KPi only) and no Mg2+, low salt and ... The reaction mixtures were as in the standard assay, except that the components specified in the Results were added, andthe concentrations ofthe substrate and enzyme varied as required for the...
... expedition and to offer it to "the Sun whom they called father and to the earth their mother." They severed its head and raised this as though offering it to the sun They then tilled the earth where the ... another to Oco-telulco, the third to Tizatlan andthe fourth to Quiahuiztlan, that is to say, the men ofthe Mountains, the men ofthe Limepits, the men ofthe Pinetrees, andthe Watermen; all these ... was given the lordship of Teotihuacan with the title of Captain-general ofthe dominion ofthe noblemen All affairs or lawsuits ofthe lords andthe nobility belonging to the towns ofthe provinces...
... which the child in blood possesses of becoming one day the head of a family himself The flocks and herds ofthe children are the flocks and herds ofthe father, andthe possessions ofthe parent, ... gives the readers ofthe journal the sort of words andthe sort of thoughts they are used to—so, on a larger scale, the writers of an age, without thinking of it, give to the readers ofthe age the ... of any theory as to the nature of matter, or the nature of mind They are as true upon the theory that mind acts on matter—though separate and altogether different from it—as upon the theory of...
... a carry if and only if the first number is a andthe second number is a 1; in other words, the carry is simply theANDofthe two addends, while the sum (excluding the carry) is if the first number ... Therefore, the product of two floating point numbers has as its sign bit the product or XOR ofthe two signs, as its mantissa the product ofthe two mantissae, and as its exponent the sum ofthe ... that, professors (and students) have a certain amount of flexibility in choosing the topics, depending upon the environment andthe issues For Intel/Windows shops, the chapters on the 8088 and the...
... method of creating truth can have a fighting chance at reaching the heights that it is capable of So it is that through a mixture ofthe two schools of thought andthe work ofthe two men ... mastered it that theatre can reach a point of beauty and truth and can display reality and drama in a way that doesn't need to adapt with the changes of life because it is based in life The theatre that ... in life The theatre that emerges from this blend has its roots deep in the heart of humanity and what people truly want, and, consequently, will never die ...
... response ofthe parts ofthe body (specificity, site of action), andthe complaints ofthe victim (clinical signs and symptoms) The culmination ofthe practice in France is represented by the commercialization ... to the development of quinine derivatives for the treatment ofthe disease andthe formulation ofthe early principlesof chemotherapy The pharmacology department at Chicago was charged with the ... work on the bioactivity ofthe estrogenic compounds resulted in the synthesis of diethylstilbestrol (DES), hexestrol, and other stilbenes andthe discovery ofthe strong estrogenic activity of substituted...
... showed no XI activity at pH and 10 For M-1024 and M-1026 the speci®c activity at pH and 10, was 66 and 45%, and 62 and 31%, ofthe maximum, respectively The pH optima for the mutant XIs were not ... xylose and cultivated at 37 °C overnight After a further days of incubation at 30 °C, the pH indicator in the Fig Structure of one subunit of T thermophilus XI The amino acids 372, 379 and 163 ... Km, where the velocity ofthe reaction is proportional to kcat The pH activity pro®les ofthe mutants were broader, and extended into the alkaline region, compared with the wild-type XI The wildtype...
... through the inhibition ofthe synthesis of IL-1β and MMP-1 The present study aimed to expand our knowledge about the effect of licofelone on other major factors involved in the in situ degradation of ... for the resorption ofthe calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in the early phase ofthe disease [18] Licofelone treatment was shown to reduce the level of synthesis of cathepsin K in both of ... molecules ofthe target gene to the number of molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) geneThe primer efficiencies for the test genes were the same as those for the GAPDH gene...
... depending on the circumstances ofthe substance’s use andthe ease of identifying and monitoring either the sentinel response or the seriousness ofthe toxicity produced Changing the definition ... stopped Reversibility of toxicity depends on a number of factors, including the extent of exposure (time and amount of toxicant) andthe ability ofthe affected tissue to repair or regenerate An example ... Toxicology GENERAL PRINCIPLESOF TOXICOLOGY ROBERT C JAMES, STEPHEN M ROBERTS, and PHILLIP L WILLIAMS The intent of this chapter is to provide a concise description ofthebasicprinciplesof toxicology...
... coenzyme A as a cofactor and require the formation of a thioester with the carboxylic acid group, either of acetate or ofthe xenobiotic The thioester then reacts with an amine, either on the xenobiotic ... mechanisms, andthe action of gastrointestinal enzymes or intestinal microflora • Factors determining the rate of diffusion across the skin • Absorption of solid and liquid particulates andof gases and ... circulate, and leave the body The sites of metabolism ofthe xenobiotic within the body The chemistry and enzymology of xenobiotic metabolism The bioactivation as well as inactivation of xenobiotics...
... filtration and tubular secretion are dependent on the concentration ofthe drug in the plasma, andthe rate of reabsorption by the tubules is dependent on the concentration of drug in the urine The ... substances is reduced Often the skin of lab animals is covered with plastic wrap to enhance the hydration ofthe skin and increase the rate of uptake of agents applied to the surface ofthe skin For compounds ... the nature ofthe lesion andthe regions ofthe liver affected This, in turn, can provide insight as to the mechanism of toxicity For example, the presence of fatty liver would suggest that the...
... released when these inhaled agents deposit in the lung, and these factors alert the phagocytic cells to the location ofthe agents The macrophages then engulf them and attempt to ingest them with ... edge ofthe tubule (Figure 11.1) and move progressively toward the center ofthe tubule From here the spermatozoa move along the tubules and into the duct system that will carry them out ofthe ... extensive, from the severe rupturing ofthe septa walls Even short of cell death, these cells become less efficient in the removal of particulates and other toxins Therefore, the inhalation of toxic...
... mediates the repair of certain genetic lesions by DNA repair enzymes Once the damaged DNA has been sufficiently repaired, the cell proceeds with the synthesis of new DNA In this phase ofthe cell ... properly Following G2, the cells undergo mitosis and a daughter cell is created Any errors in the made in the replication oftheDNAofthe original cell are now fixed in theDNAofthe daughter cell ... double stranded DNA integrates into theDNAofthe host cell, where the strong promoter sequences ofthe virus induce the host cell’s nuclear machinery to express the viral genes and produce new...
... proportion ofthe dose for occupationally exposed groups, andthe oral route contributes a greater proportion ofthe dose for the general population The effects of lead are the same regardless ofthe ... the fundamental concepts of metal toxicity Because ofthe large number of metals, their ubiquitous nature, and their chemical and physical diversity, the field of metal toxicology is one ofthe ... example, theDNAofthe B6C3F1 mouse H-ras oncogene is hypomethylated, or deficient in methylation Methylation ofDNA serves to block transcription of a geneAnd since the mouse H-ras oncogene is...