... photosynthesis, gas exchange of plants was measured by infrared gas analysis Measurements were performed during the first h 508 ofthe light phase, representing the time period of photosynthetic ... interconversion rates as a function of time of cold exposure, (b) comparison ofthe magnitudes ofthe various interconversion rates, and (c) lineup ofthe accessions with respect to their metabolic acclimation ... The rate of net starch synthesis (rCO2 !Starch )was deter- mined by interpolation of measured starch contents (unit: C6) and calculation ofthe first derivative of this function The flux rate of...
... reflectance in the visible yet reduced reflectance in the NIR and SWIR regions ofthe spectrum Analysis of vegetation spectra 519 Figure Summary of F-ratio tests of significance ofthe variance ofthe ... approximation to the otherwise intractable log-likelihood function A program for the estimation ofthe parameters was written in MATHEMATICA® [61] since no major software package currently offers the Laplace ... which the test statistics exceeded Fr −1, at the 5% significance level were deemed to contribute significantly to the variance of a spectra The choice of r – degrees of freedom in the numerator of...
... failing to meet their objectives this may be because of lack of assets or that their aims are in conflict with those of other, more powerful, groups One ofthe key principles ofthe SLA is the attempt ... sub-sector Analysisofthe structure ofthe commodity system usually focuses on the characteristics related to the Chapter number and size of firms in relation to the size ofthe market, the presence ... another area that is likely to be important in the economic context ofthe subsector analysis For example, one ofthe objectives ofthe Bangladesh study was to investigate the link between the...
... lengths ofthe core domain either at the 5¢- or 3¢-terminus (tTG/8 to tTG/12) Fig Schematic drawing ofthe cloning of 12 different tTG regions Reference numbers ofthe amino acid residues at the ends ... residues at the ends ofthe cloned sequences are shown C-terminal end ofthe core and the nearby loop The results ofthe Western blotting are depicted in Fig Using His-probe, all the expressed tTG ... interpretation ofthe reactivity of cloned antibodies and patients’ sera The overall response ofthe cloned antibodies indicates that the recognized region is located in the core of tTG spanning...
... not HIV/ AIDS per se but ameliorating the plight of both disadvantaged women and children, the current priority ofthe office is HIV/ AIDS The office reports to LAPCA like other ministries The ... context, the level of financing, the sources and mechanisms of financing of healthcare and HIV/ AIDS expenditures This is followed by a comparative analysisofthe financial dimension of HIV/ AIDS ... assistance for the implementation of its HIV/ AIDS programmes Realising the magnitude ofthe impact of HIV/ AIDS, the Ministry of Finance and Planning has introduced a targeting strategy for HIV/ AIDS...
... to the lake's ecosystem The result of this model is close to the fact The content of PS exceeds allowable limit The content of other types of phosphorus increases over time Phosphorus in the ... areas ofthe forms of land use and the land use methods 1, 2, ,n; a1,a2, ,an: exporting coefficients of phosphorus 2) Point sources: the amount of P from sewage (P4) In the case of Bay Mau Lake, the ... model, namely: - The amount of P loads from land (P1); - The amount of P loads from precipitation (P2); - The amount of P loads from residential area (P3 ) In the case of Bay Mau Lake, the annual precipitation...
... infected with non-B HIV- 1 subtypes Currently, the workgroup consists of investigators from 15 sites in 13 countries The goal ofthe workgroup is to collect and analyze a robust database of sequences ... uniform protocols, is essential to theanalysisof non-B resistance This is crucial as access to antiretroviral therapy in the developing world increases within the next few years, and as migration ... Journal ofthe International AIDS Society 2005, 7:71 increasing data on the genotype of B and non-B viruses among drug-naive and -experienced patients Although the overall response...
... sensitivity to the system output and then which ofthe parameters are linearly independent The method iterates over the columns ofthe sensitivity matrix Z to select the column with the highest sum of squared ... sensitivity To make the adjustment ofthe net influence of each ofthe remaining parameters on the already selected parameters, all ofthe original columns of Z are being regressed on the column associated ... based on the model structure and the measurement data One ofthe benefits in integrating estimation and identifiability is the reuse ofthe variance generated by the UKF for the step size in the calculation...
... was another factor that influenced the mobility ofthe ions to the membrane surface The smaller the ions the more easily they were in their mobility to the membrane surface than bulky ions The 1.0 ... the exchange sites Pot The selectivity ofthe membrane to some ions was given by the K A, B Pot value The higher the K A, B value examined, the higher the response ofthe Potential, mV electrode ... in the production of industrial chemicals, they are also useful in the production of fertilizers The source of environmental chlorides includes leaching from several types of rocks through weathering,...
... 293T cells, consistent with the idea that elimination ofthe AUG restored the production ofthe virus Analysisofthe amount of infectious virus produced as measured by the JC53-BL assay revealed ... was the presence of an AUG in the 5' NTR prior to the start of Gag From on our analysis, the AUG in the PBS of HXB2-Met(i) probably acted to syphon off scanning ribosomes, thus reducing the efficiency ... infectivity of this virus but at levels lower than the wild type Analysisofthe PBS following replication revealed a preference for the PBS containing the mutated PBS (AUG to GUG) The results of these...
... studies, the sequence analysisofthe PBS from both of these viruses at different times of culture revealed the reversion ofthe PBS to wild type [24] The unexpected result from our studies was the ... http://www.retrovirology.com/content/2/1/21 the RNase H domain ofthe reverse transcriptase was also found, although the major determinant ofthe stability ofthe PBS was correlated with the mutations in the PAS and PBS In the current ... from the gag gene of HXB2 The HpaI site is located upstream ofthe 5' LTR within the flanking sequence, and the BssHII site is located downstream ofthe PBS within the viral genome, in the proximity...
... Evaluation ofthe accuracy ofthe estimates The estimates ^ti ; r2 ; r2 ; r2 ; aị ofthe parameters lti ; r2 ; r2 ; r2 ; aị were l ^0 ^1 ^a ^ a computed, after burn-in, as the means ofthe posterior ... that the mixed HMM provides a good t to the data sets simulated in this study The advantages ofthe HMM over other approaches are the prediction of health or disease status, the reduction of conrmatory ... assist mastitis control programs The objective of this study was to present themathematical formalism behind the HMM methodology as it may apply to theanalysisof infectious disease biomarkers...
... with the technical aspects of data import and management, and refer the interested reader to the documentation ofthe software package prada for a thorough discussion of these [19] Selection of ... for the different assays, each specifically measuring the phenotype of interest In the case of cell proliferation, the antibody detected the incorporation ofthe thymidine analog BrdU into the ... negative control The gradual nature of these types of responses supports the use of regression analysis Because the effect may deviate from linearity in the range of perturbations that we observe,...
... approach only the specification ofthe marginal mean vector and ofthe variance requires 11 covariance matrix V ofthe vector Y of observations Given the moment generating function ofthe multivariate ... and animal models on one hand, and direct and maternal effects on the other hand A simple example of that is the classical animal model In (a2! ) x! p + +pi, for the jth performance ofthe ith female ... being the overal incidence matrix of u Putting this formula into the inverse of W in !12!, one has here using a = = This formula exhibits the classical form (R + ZGZ’ in the usual notation) of a...
... (2.14) The numerator ofthe eq.2.14 represents the number of ways of sampling k DEGs in the pathway from K observed DEGs in the microarray and the number of ways of sampling (n − k) non-DEGs in the ... depends on the correlation ofthe gene with the one ofthe two phenotypes We theref phenotype The enrichment score is the maximum deviation from Moreover, in the permutation test the FCS and ... profiling is the simultaneous measurement ofthe amount of mRNAs of all the genes, which are transcribed from the genome, in the cell At any moment, not all the genes are activated, resulting in the phenotypic...
... the activation of initiator caspase ofthe extrinsic pathway 2.6 Review of apoptotic mathematicalmodels Various aspects ofthe caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways have been described in mathematical ... hypothesized kinetic cooperativity in the 30 formation ofthe APOPTOSOME complex (see Figure 2-4) (Bagci et al., 2006) On the other hand, in the second class of models, the initial amount of pro-survival ... Interestingly, the p53-AKT models also predict the existence of bistability This thesis however, does not focus on the detailed analysisofthe apoptotic pathways 31 2.7 Summary The multiple nodes in the...
... rate of AKTa induced by p53) 3.5 Biological significance of bistability The most significant among the predictions ofthemodels is the existence ofthe robust phenomenon of bistability in the ... detail The most significant among the predictions ofthe kinetic models is the existence ofthe robust phenomenon of bistability in the p53-AKT network This phenomenon is conserved as the kinetic models ... trajectory will veer the system to either one ofthe two stable nodes The unstable manifold on the other hand, represents the shortest path to the stable nodes, which bifurcates the plane into upper...
... Ramalingam et al., 2007) 4.2 Review of p53-MDM2 mathematicalmodels This section reviews the recent mathematicalmodels developed to describe thedynamicsofthe p53-MDM2 oscillator in a cell population ... damped oscillations of p53 and MDM2 protein levels in cell populations of mouse fibroblasts and human breast cancer epithelial MCF-7 cells, following 5Gy of IR Thedynamicsofthe p53-MDM2 oscillator ... Grammaticos, 2007) These models focus on reproducing experimental observations as well as on the underlying mechanisms Common to them is the postulation that the mechanistic origin ofthe abovementioned...
... periods of p53, mdm2, MDM2 and MDM2a The remaining curves depict the time-delays ofthe peaks of mdm2, MDM2 and MDM2a pulses relative to the peaks of p53 pulses (see inset) Furthermore, the model ... it is the stable manifolds ofthe saddle point that define the boundary between the basins of attraction ofthe oscillatory low-p53 limit cycle and the high-p53-stable node Depending on the initial ... 2006) Therefore, analysisof a kinetic model that includes these specific and critical BCL2 family members could aid in the understanding ofthe regulation ofthe intrinsic apoptotic pathways by the...
... percentage ofthe length of an exon relative to the total length of its flanking intronic regions is plotted Most ofthe exons constitute less than 1% of their intronic lengths Indeed, the highest ... ESEs within the target site by the AON and (2) accessibility ofthe target site to binding during the ‘opportune period’, which in turn depends on the secondary structure ofthe pre-mRNA The tendency ... achieved due to the lack of known major factors affecting the efficiency of exon skipping One such factor is hypothesized to be thedynamicsof co-transcriptional binding accessibility of AON target...