...
accuracy of 88.59% for classifying comparative
sentences into eight types (one non -comparative
type and seven comparative types), and an
accuracy of 86.81% for mining comparative
entities and predicates. ... sentences
into eight types (seven comparative types and one
non -comparative type) .
5.2.1 Extracting comparative sentences.
Before evaluating our proposed method for
comparative sentence extraction, ... Classifying comparative sentences into
seven types
As we extract comparative sentences successfully,
the next step is to classify the comparatives into
different types. We define seven comparative types...
...
Converting Data Types 26
Lab 3.1: Creating and Using Types 30
Review 34
Module 3: Using Value-
Type Variables
24 Module 3: Using Value -Type Variables
Using an Enumeration Type
You can ... simple types.
Lead-in
C# provides a set of
predefined struct types
called simple types.
Module 3: Using Value -Type Variables 23
Enumeration Types
Defining an Enumeration Type
Using ... Variables 3
Overview of CTS
CTS supports both value and reference types
Reference Type
Reference Type
Type
Type
Value Type
Value Type
*****************************
ILLEGAL FOR NON
-
TRAINER USE
******************************...
... data types such as int, long and bool. These types are also
referred to as value types. C# also supports more complex and powerful data
types known as reference types.
Value Types
Value -type ... 2 Module 8: Using Reference -Type Variables
Using Reference -Type Variables
Comparing Value Types to Reference Types
Declaring and Releasing Reference ... built-in data types such as char and int. Value
types are the simplest types in C#. Variables of value type directly contain their
data in the variable.
Reference Types
Reference -type variables...
... we classify comparative sentences
into six types and then we extract single compar-
ative keywords from each type as follows:
Table 1. The six types of comparative sentences
Type Single-keyword ...
3 Extracting Comparative- sentence
Candidates
In this section, we define comparative keywords
and extract comparative- sentence candidates by
using those keywords.
3.1 Comparative keyword ...
Single-keyword Contain Not contain
Comparative
Sentences
S1 S2
Non -comparative
Sentences
S3 S4 (
unconcerned
group)
2
In fact, type 6 can be sorted as non -comparative from lin-
guistic...
...
sion parameters. In our case, it is not possi-
ble to have an a priori reference classification.
The reference classification is highly domain-
and task-dependent. The only criterion that we ... sets.
4 The conceptual analysis : the
LEXICLASS software
LEXICLASS is a clustering tool written using C lan-
guage and specialised data analysis functions from
Splus
TM
software.
Given the ... is per-
formed with, as input, a similarity matrix. This kind
of methods gives, as a result, a classification tree (or
dendrogram) which has to be cut at a given level in
order to produce clusters....
... skills.
d. Some disadvantages of using songs in teaching listening skill.
Question 5 in the survey is very important as it helps to find out the disadvantages of using
songs in teaching listening ... therefore, needs to be taught and studied carefully. And with an
experimental research on using English songs as a type of supplementary materials in teaching
listening skill, she wants to find out ... of
English. That was the reason why the author would like to conduct this research of using
songs as a type of supplementary material in teaching listening skill in order to erase their
prejudice...
... join-
ing terms achieve slightly better accuracy using the
Nearest Neighbor and SVM algorithms, and very
slightly worse accuracy using the neural network.
Using all of the joining terms resulted in ... two conditions, and
again using all of the joining terms produced the
best results.
The SVM algorithm produced the best accuracy
of all, achieving 50.1% accuracy using the com-
bined set of ... algorithm was done
using leave-one-out cross validation.
The next learning algorithm we used was the
multi-layer perceptron, or neural network. The
network was trained using the backpropagation...
... seeds seem
to be sufficient in covering their sub-types (e.g. the
sub-types COUNTRY, CITY, etc for
LOCATION). But there are hundreds of sub-types
of ORG that cannot be covered by less than ...
In addition to the key NE types in MUC, our
system is able to recognize another NE type,
namely, PRODUCT (PRO) NE. We instructed our
truthing team to add this NE type into the testing
corpus ...
Method for Learning Semantic Lexicons using
Extraction Pattern Contexts. Proceedings of EMNLP
2002.
Segal, R. and O. Etzioni. 1994. Learning decision lists
using homogeneous rules. Proceedings...
... European Union, where texts must
be translated daily into eleven languages, or
even in the U.S.A. where Spanish and English
speaking communities are intermingled.
Parallel texts
(texts that are mutual ... the ‘parallel texts of the stone.
Each pair of texts provides a set of candidate
correspondence points from which we draw a
line based on linear regression. Points are de-
fined using the co-ordinates ... we
get in the end by using a more dynamic ap-
proach to the filtering using linear regression
lines, by selecting candidate correspondence
points at the same time that parallel texts tokens
are input....
...
5. CONCLUSION
Using word pairs of Japanese and
English to distinguish among senses of the
same verb, we have shown that using word
pairs to classify nouns is better than not
using word pairs, ... shown.
One (solid line) is the result of using the word
pair to distinguish among senses of the same
verb. The other (dotted line} is the result of
using the verb form itself. The X-axis is ... is thus necessary to resolve the
following issues to make the classification
result more accurate.
(1)to develop a means of using the
frequency normalized by expected word
pairs.
(2)to...
... the test set using the top 40 genes. They were able to
classify 32 of 34 cases correctly using 5 genes. In (Chapelle, 2000), the authors
achieve 1 error on the test set with 5 genes using the same ... Fodor. Science. 277:393-395,
1997.
(Furey, 2000) Support Vector Machine Classification and Validation of Cancer
Tissue Samples Using Microarray Expression Data. T. Furey, N. Cristianini, N.
Duffy, ... extensions of the algorithm.
II. Problem description and prior work
II.1. Classification problems
In this paper we address classification problems where the input is a vector that
we call a “pattern”...
... interpreted
as 100% efficient (Table 1A serial-c).
e. Comparative efficiency of PCR to routine
diagnostics like microscopy and culture
Table 3 presents the comparative efficiency
of PCR to diagnostics ... Tuberculosis
76
What To Do for Quitting Smoking
Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
USING CONVENTIONAL TOOLS AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION*
Original ... was done using a variety
of standards. Efficiency of microscopy, culture and
PCR in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive
predictive value and negative predictive value was
done using the...
... issues raise great
challenges to comparative summarization in the
news domain.
In this study, we propose a novel approach for
comparative news summarization. We consider
comparativeness and representativeness ... the
optimization problem by using linear programming
to extract proper comparable sentences. More
specifically, we consider a pair of sentences
comparative if they share comparative concepts;
we ... than Haiti.
2.2 Comparative News Summarization
The task of comparative news summarization is to
briefly sum up the commonalities and differences
between two comparable news topics by using
human readable...
... Michigan, June 2005.
c
2005 Association for Computational Linguistics
Using Readers to Identify Lexical Cohesive Structures in Texts
Beata Beigman Klebanov
School of Computer Science and Engineering
The ... were cut at a meaningful break to stay
within 1000 word limit. The texts were in English -
original language for all but two texts.
Our subjects were 22 students at the Hebrew Uni-
versity of ... as
opposed to generating ones. We used 6 out of the
10 texts and 17 out of 20 annotators for the follow-
up experiment. Each person did 3 text, each texts
received 7-9 annotations of this kind.
For...