... thegastrointestinaltract Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is one ofthe most common primary gastrointestinal presentations of MCL and accounts for approximately about 9% of primary gastrointestinal ... occurs in the ascending colon andthe small bowel, particularly in the ileum and ileocecal region Occasionally, however, numerous polyps are present throughout the entire gastrointestinaltract Polyps ... from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images A copy ofthe written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Competing interests The...
... description of recent advances in the understanding ofthe channel-, motor- and regulatory components ofthe Tic complex For reference, some ofthe available knowledge, including the proposed functionof ... which anchor the protein in the membrane The position andfunctionofthe long C-terminal tail on the other hand remains a matter of controversy [10,11,13–15] According to one hypothesis, the hydrophilic ... Additionally, because the demand ofthe chloroplast is ‘sensed’ inside the organelle, the IEM is closest to the origin ofthe signal, and thus regulation at the Tic complex could be one ofthe fastest...
... determined the sequence andstructureofthe 5¢-end of cDNAs corresponding to full-length mature CB1 mRNA and deduced thestructureofthe CB1 gene by comparing the cDNA sequences to the genomic ... levels in the medial striatum of any ofthe wild-type and HD mice examined The optical density ofthe hybridization signal in the lateral striatum, corrected by subtracting the signal in the medial ... repeat and relative expression ofthe HD gene We then determined thestructureofthe mouse CB1 gene and determined that transcription ofthe CB1 gene was affected in striatal neurons of transgenic...
... support the validity ofthe Scandinavian language versions ofthe GSRS andthe QOLRAD in patients with GERD [41] Future studies could use this approach to further assess the validity ofthe additional ... frequency and severity of symptoms, andthe QOLRAD Emotional distress domain correlated with physician-assessed frequency of symptoms Known-groups validity ofthe GSRS andthe QOLRAD All domains ofthe ... correlating the GSRS andthe QOLRAD with the SF-36 dimensions; and (c) correlating the GSRS andthe QOLRAD with the HAD (except in South Africa) and with clinician-rated severity of dyspepsia...
... hear, and to distinguish the ugly andthe beautiful, the bad andthe good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, ofthe fears and frights which assail ... sample of GTS and controls aged between 6-63 years old, showed increased volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus andthe dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these ... disordersand diseases ofthe brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which...
... understanding ofthe anatomy andfunctionofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... coverage ofdisordersofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthefunctionofthe nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... accumulated about thefunctionofthe cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy ofthe Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists ofthe outer ear, the middle ear andthe inner ear The outer...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... is the difference in the arrival time andthe difference in the intensity of sounds at the two ears, both factors being a functionofthe azimuth The time between the arrival of sounds at the ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency ofthe formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics ofthe fundamental frequency ofthe vowel and the...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... Disordersofthe Auditory System Chapter 11 Cochlear and Brainstem Implants The signs and symptoms ofdisordersofthe auditory system are decreased functionand abnormal function Decreased function ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disordersofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on thefunctionofthe nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... muscle contraction decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction ofthe stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that...
... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... supported this view of flexibility ofthefunctionofthe auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in thestructureandfunctionofthe central auditory ... perpendicular to the surface ofthe flat portion ofthe incudo-stapedial joint and that does not cause any movement ofthe incus and thus no displacement ofthe tympanic membrane If the pressure in the perilymphatic...
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some ofthe most diverse and complex disordersofthe auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most often the cochlea, but absence offunctionofthe acoustic middle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth ofthe sensation of loudness above the ... corresponding to the F1 frequency andthe other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate ofthe impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for...
... in the sampling EL contributed in the real-time RT-PCR, in the sampling and in the drafting ofthe manuscript ÅK participated in the planning ofthe experiments, drafting ofthe manuscript and ... well functioning immune apparatus in thegastrointestinaltract is therefore of utmost importance for thefunctionand wellbeing of all animals SBM induced enteritis Standard qualities of soybean ... gene versions ofthe PAR-2 receptor Both transcripts are highly expressed in thegastrointestinaltractandthe gills In Atlantic salmon fed inclusion levels of SBM the expression ofthe two PAR-2...
... MOLECULAR FUNCTIONAND REGULATION OFTHE BAX-ASSOCIATING PROTEIN MOAP-1 Fu Nai Yang INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 MOLECULAR FUNCTIONAND REGULATION OFTHE ... whether the major functionofthe BH4 domain in mammalian cells is to -17- Introduction mediate the interaction ofthe pro-survival members ofthe Bcl-2 family with Apaf-1 still requires further ... ADP and ATP between the mitochondrial matrix andthe intermembrane space (IMS) between the outer membrane andthe inner membrane The outer membrane separates the mitochondria from cytosol and...
... observed in the epithelial cells ofthe tongue and esophagus, in the gastric glands and at the base ofthe villi in jejunum The apparent signal in the outer keratinized layer ofthe tongue and esophagus ... epithelial cells at the base ofthe villi In colon, Aldh1 gene activity was detected in the upper parts ofthe crypts of Lieberkuhn, whereas the lower ¨ parts ofthe crypts, the submucosa and ... in the upper part ofthe digestive tract, including the tongue and esophagus The mRNA signal was located at the base ofthe stratified squamous epithelium, with a gradient observed towards the...
... microbial flora, and products of lipid peroxidation [12,13] ADH4, located in the upper part ofthegastrointestinaltractandthe luminal part ofthe mucosa, would be in contact with the highest concentrations ... cells of pylorus (Fig 3G) Therefore, in the surface epithelium, ADH1 and ADH4 only overlapped in the gastric region close to the pylorus The endothelium lining small blood vessels within the gastric ... the Direccion General de Investigacion Cientı´ fica (BMC2002-02659 and BMC2000-0132) andthe Commission ofthe European Union (BIO4-CT97-2123) to X P and J F., and by the National Institutes of...
... produced in other parts ofthegastrointestinaltract During grain-based SARA, more starch may enter the lower digestive tract including the ileum andthe large intestine where the metabolite profile ... shedding of LPS during the early hours postfeeding is due to rapid growth of Gram-negative bacteria, andthe later release of LPS is because of bacterial cell lysis as a result ofthe lower pH in the ... permeability of LPS, a large molecule [21] In the in vitro study of Emmanuel et al [22], LPS increased the permeability ofthe rumen wall, andthe rate of LPS translocation across the rumen wall...