stringtree correspondence grammar a declarative grammar formalism
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "STRING-TREE CORRESPONDENCE GRAMMAR: A DECLARATIVE GRAMMAR FORMALISM FOR DEFINING THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN STRINGS OF TERMS AND TREE STRUCTURES" pdf
... 83] [Vauquois & Chappuy 85]. The Static Grammar (shortly later renamed the Structural Correspondence Specification Grammar) , was designed to be a declarative grammar formalism for defining ... transla- tion of natural languages, COLGATE Universit~ New York, August 1985. [Zaharin 86] Zaharin Y. "Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation". ... quite a simple process to transfer applications in the Static Grammar into STCG applications. Like the Static Grammar, the STCG is basically a formalism for specification, but given its formal...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION GRAMMAR: A FORMALISM FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION" doc
... FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION GRAMMAR: A FORMALISM FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION Martin Kay Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto California 94304 and CSLI, Stanford Abstract ... elementary events take place is of little importance. Lexical Functional Grammar and Generalized Phrase-Structure grammar share these relational and monotonic properties. They are also characteristics ... steps in a carefully prescribed order. • These advantages are available in large measure through a class of formal devices that are slowly gaining acceptance in linguistics and which are based...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "INCORPORATING INHERITANCE AND FEATURE STRUCTURES INTO A LOGIC GRAMMAR FORMALISM" pptx
... focussed around the application of unification to an informational structure that maps attribute names (also called feature names, slot names, or labels) to values (Kay, 198 4a; Kay, 1984b; ... (number@singular, person@third) , subject @ (agreement@X)) INHERITANCE GRAMMARS An IG consists of several IS -A statements and several grammar rul¢~. A grammar rule is a definite clause which ... instead of "-, the rule is treated as a context-free grammar rule and the interpreter automatically appends two additional arguments (start and end) to facilitate parsing. The final...
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Cambridge.University.Press.A.Student.Grammar.of.Spanish.Feb.2006.pdf
... bed la lima filela crema (M)cream la trama plotla estratagema stratagem la yema yolk, fingertipla forma form-dadla agilidad agility la severidad severityla ansiedad anxiety la sociedad societyla ... are masculine:el carisma, cisma (schism),clima, cometa (comet), delta, d´ a (day), emblema, mapa, planeta,problema, tranv´ a (streetcar / tram).In all these cases, save d´ a, mapa, and tranv´ a, ... same, one is always lost in rapid speech: la ayuda =l’ayuda, para agradecerle = par’agradecerle. Note the very common, colloquial Mexicanexpression for many: hasta pa’aventar pa’arriba (hasta...
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1000 cau grammar a,b,c
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Downing - English Grammar - A University Course 2e
... in Chapter 2.In a typical active declarative clause such as this, Agent, Subject and Theme coincideand are realised in one wording, in this case Janice. But in natural language use, a situation ... declarative clauses. Compare: Declarative negative: Nobody has called this afternoon.Interrogative negative: Has nobody called this afternoon?Hasn’t anybody called this afternoon?When both are ... and• five chapters dealing similarly with nominal, verbal, adjectival, adverbial andprepositional groups and phrases.In each case the aim is that of describing each pattern or structural element...
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A Student Grammar of Spanish - Number
... alicate pliers*la braga panties, knickers*la escalera stairsla estad´ıstica statistics*la gente people*la malla tights*el pantal´on pants, trousersel pijama / la piyama (M) pajamas*la pinza ... edificioEl ´arbol est´aenelparque La hoz est´aenlamonta˜naEl gato est a cerca de (near) la puerta La naci´on est a contentaEl l´apiz est´aenlamesa La ni ˜na est a felizLa flor est´aenelflorero La tribu ... siguienteCaminar (M)/andar hasta CorreosNo manejar un carro (M)/conducir un coche(Yo) entrar en la cocina y abrir la ventanaRegresar a casaEscribir una carta en la mesaLos amigos vivir en Estados...
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Tài liệu A Student Grammar of French pptx
... straightforward and vibrant like vocabulary, especially when the latter tendstowards the informal and slang. The mortar of language (grammar) is never so interestingas the bricks (vocabulary). ... a means of making sure that we have assimilated the grammatical points beingillustrated.This Student Grammar of French is aimed at meeting all those needs. It is conceived in such a way that ... others. This grammar book takes as itsbasis the variety of French that oscillates between standard French – the French used fornews broadcasts and in good-quality newspapers and magazines – and the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Translating a Unification Grammar with Disjunctions into Logical Constraints" pdf
... unification-based approach is that it enables us to describe grammar declaratively, making the development and amendment of grammar easy. Analysis systems that are based on unification gram- mars can ... Translating a Unification Grammar with Disjunctions into Logical Constraints Mikio Nakano and Akira Shimazu* NTT Basic Research Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198 Japan ... presented a method for translating a grammar formalism with disjunctive information that is based on path equations and lists of pairs of labels and values into logical-constraint-based grammar representations,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Using an Annotated Corpus as a Stochastic Grammar" ppt
... ~ A may be 40 M. Marcus, 1991. "Very Large Annotated Database of America~ English". DARPA Speech and Naawal Language Workshop, ~ Grove, Morgan Kaufmarm. F. Pereira and Y. Schabes, ... Reestimation from Partially Bracketed Corlmra', Proceedings ACY., 92, Newark. P. Resnik, 1992. "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework for Statistical Natural Language ... the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) spoken language corpus. Preliminary experiments yield 96% test set parsing accuracy. 1 Motivation As soon as a formal grammar characterizes a non-...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Evaluating a Crosslinguistic Grammar Resource: A Case Study of Wambaya" pot
... the Grammar Matrix as a crosslinguistic resource,as one goal of the Grammar Matrix is to reduce thecost of developing precision grammars. The factthat a grammar capable of assigning valid analy-ses ... that have not yet been analyzed (cf. Bald-win et al, 2005).5 ConclusionThis paper has presented a precision, hand-built grammar for the Australian language Wambaya, andthrough that grammar ... Wambaya, illustrating its semantic represen-tations and analyses and measuring its performanceagainst held-out data. I hope to have shown the grammar to be reasonably substantial, and thus aninteresting...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Induction of a CCG Grammar for Turkish" pptx
... emphasize that the predicate is intransitive and itmay have a locative adjunct. Similarly, a T.OBJECTlink is added from “kitap” to “okudu˘gum”. Similarlabels were added to the treebank manually ... for ap-proximately 800 sentences.(9) a. Uyudu˘gum araba yandı.Sleep+PASTPART car burn+PAST.The car I slept in burned.b. Okudu˘gum kitap yandı.Read+PASTPART book burn+PAST.The book I read ... categorial and phrase structure grammars. InLanguage and Information ed. Bar-Hillel, Addison-Wesley, pages 99–115.Yehoshua Bar-Hillel. 1953. A quasi-arithmetic descrip-tion for syntactic description....
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Generating referring expressions with a unification grammar" doc
... and layout. To cover a large range of styles, many patterns must be made avail- able to the generator, even though only a fraction are relevant for a particular company and a partic- ular knowledge ... Hofmann. 1989. Paragraphs and anaphora. Journal of Pragmatics, 13:239 250. H. Horacek. 1997. An algorithm for generat- ing referential descriptions with flexible inter- faces. In 35th Annual ... of efficiency, ICONOCLAST employs a top-down generator coupled with a unification grammar. The grammar adheres strictly to Oc- cain's razor: features or rules are admitted only if they...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A GENERATIVE GRAMMAR APPROACH FOR THE MORPHOLOGIC AND MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF ITALIAN" ppt
... dv2. andar© v.intran.simple I The other sets of data are contained in the Prolog workspace and are structured as tables of a relational data base. The set of the classes of endings is a table ... lemma I stem ending dam synt=categ label matte matt da_bello adj.qualific. 1 mattino mattin dn_oggctto noun.common 3 di di prep.simple 2 andare vad dv 1 _andare v.intran.simple 1 andare and ... "stem" of a lemma with alterations, affixes, endings and enelities. This grammar can both generate from a given lemma all the current Italian words deriving from it and analyze a given word...
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chinese a comprehensive grammar
... HR xiangchang'sausage', ^M xiangjiao 'banana', #A gutou 'bone', tt^f zhuzi 'pillar; column', YlJ- zhuzi'bamboo'.)yl gan qiang a rifle(Also ... ba 'handle' is used as a classifier forthings with a handle:—fETJraters-?-fcJE&lAffilgyi ba daoHang ba cudsan ba qiaosi ba shanziwii ba sanliu ba saozhouqi ... zhadan 'bomb', i^# zidan 'bullet', ^®# shouliudan 'hand-grenade', '£> xln 'heart', 5FS yachi 'tooth', M xlng 'star', IS tang...
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A LATIN GRAMMAR
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- it combiens a strong grammar syllabus with the specialist vocabulary and skills that learnes need the succees in their chosen field
- grammar in a nutshell
- a practical english grammar
- advanced english c a e grammar practice 2
- a probabilistic contextfree grammar
- a logic grammar formalism
- evaluating a crosslinguistic grammar resource
- a declarative information extraction system
- a broadcoverage grammar checker
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