... the hypotheses to be tested, and the experimental approach that will be
used to test the hypotheses and to identify, investigate, and ultimately overcome the
constraints to sustainability. Proposals ... program is to succeed.
The implicit involvement of students and other training activities should contribute
to strengthening institutional capacities in the host country. It is expected that the
SANREM ... and
management techniques involving pests and their hosts, parasites, predators, and
antagonists; cultural and biological pest controls; and other factors that determine the
ultimate impact of pests.
Integrated...
... benefit
coincides with the largest divergence
between total benefit (TB) and total
cost (TC ). If total benefit is on top at
that point, this is the quantity that
maximizes the net benefit.
Figure ... find total cost and total benefit
the furthest apart. In the context of a firm, the difference between total benefit
(revenue) and total cost is profit, which is maximized at Q*, where total ... lesser needs to be satisfied with subsequent kills.
Total Cost and Benefit
Q*
Total Cost
Total Bene t
Quantity of Whales Harvested
Cost per Unit
Marginal
Cost
Marginal
Bene t
Quantity of Whales...
... brackets is the total larval settlement into patch i, assumed
dependent on total space not occupied by existing adults, and the last two
terms are naturaland fishing mortality rates, respectively. ... argues that closing all
but one patch is optimal. They attribute this result to a feature of their
metapopulation structure, namely the fact that there is a non-convexity in
the larval production ... interesting article by Lightwood
and Goldman (2002). These authors find the optimal treament path under
the assumption that the medical authorities operate without an explicit
budget constraint....
...
distinct trends—valuing resources as instruments, the creation and reinforcement
of a science that allowed resources to be managed as instruments, and institutional
infrastructure that channeled ... Likewise, implementation theory refers to top-down and
bottom-up forces that can inuence policy. Institutional theory recognizes the nested
eect that constitutive, collective, and operational rulemaking ... Institutional Characteristics:
Implementing Innovation in Land Protection 70
CHAPTER 4
Intermittent Alignment of Institutional Characteristics:
Implementing Innovation in Watershed Management...
... relative restriction on the amount of pollution per unit output creates an
"output-subsidy effect" that affects factor prices in a different way than the traditional
output and substitution ... entry and exit. Any plant
that exits is immediately replaced by a new plant that enters, so that the total size of the industry is fixed.
In the data, the vast majority of the electric utilities ... presents the moments from the data, and the last column presents the
simulated moments using the estimated parameters. Though the estimated parameters are
matched to the adjustment fraction moments...
... poverty, speaks to community frustration and anger, but more
importantly, to community strength and determination to reclaim what has been taken
away.
What they both say is that managing natural resources ... asked
questions about the theory and change principles and how they relate to the initiative. The
idea is not to «discover» the right approach but rather to create an interactive space that
enables ... the other hand ICT’s can:
• offer opportunities for two-way and horizontal communication,
• support bottom-up articulation of development needs,
• support, create and strengthen interactive and...
... projects.
It is critical that tek research reect community goals and priorities,
and that tek reports reect the way that information is transmitted with-
in the community. tek should not be translated, ... document the tek held in the community.
Putting Words into Action
Over the course of the Forests for the Future project we have attempted to
connect local knowledge of the environment and the historical ... potential to contribute to more effective and sustain-
able approaches to forest management in particular andnaturalresource
management in general. A central strength (and weakness) to tek...
... believed then and continue to believe that
better management results from the understanding of how plants interact wit h
each other and their environment andmanagement to create and maintain weed
populations.
We ... human activities. Abiotic factors that affect weed
occurrence are soil type, soil pH, soil moisture, light quantity and quality, precipi-
tation pattern, and variation in air, soil, and water temperatures. ...
Competitors. These are plants that have evolved characteristics that maximize
the capture of environmental resources in productive but relatively undis-
turbed conditions. These plants have extensive...
... paper
14
Near East and North Africa
The major environmental threats in the Near East and North Africa are drought,
desertification and soil/land degradation.These threats are,to a great extent,also the cause
and ... committees, water-point
committees, community development groups and the like – that actively par-
ticipate in project activities.
The NAFP has repeatedly demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated ... group
planning,design and implementation.They also contribute to the initial costs of the work
and make a commitment to operate and maintain the newly created assets.
In Yemen ,resource conservation is the key to...
... upregulated
upon stimulation of the T cells and attenuates the response (top). The
newly proposed model puts together new insights into CTLA-4
functions (bottom). (1) During suboptimal T cell activation, ... suggesting that the gene transcription of activated T
cells, rather than the regulation of proteins, is altered by
CTLA-4.
It is not yet clear whether CTLA-4 interferes with CD28
costimulation ... the formation of a lattice-like structure on the cell surface. This pattern formation cannot occur by
the interaction of CD86 with CTLA-4. Activation of CTLA-4 by binding to its ligands leads to...
... protect life and property and to allow people to enjoy
the freedom and opportunity to cooperate and trade
with one another. In this way government creates the
economic environment that permits ... sentences together and take
out some of the little words one uses when talking infor-
mally. If my attempt to convert these lectures into a book
has succeeded, it is only due to the fact that, with every
sentence, ... thoughts important for today and
the future, that they should be made available to the
public.
Since my husband had never revised the transcripts
of his lectures for book publication, that task...