... immune
mediator production following traumaticbrain injury. In Shock,
Sepsis, and Organ Failure -Brain Damage Secondary to Hemor-
rhagic -Traumatic Shock, Sepsis, and TraumaticBrain Injury: Fifth
Wiggers ... dysfunction inseveretraumaticbrain injury.
Crit Care Med 2005, 33:654-660.
3. Zygun DA, Doig CJ: Measuring organ dysfunction. In Yearbook
of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Edited by: Vincent ... for citation purposes)
14. McKeating EG, Andrews PJ, Signorini DF, Mascia L: Transcranial
cytokine gradients in patients requiring intensive care after
acute brain injury. Br J Anaesth 1997, 78:520-523.
15....
... whether norepinephrine-stimulated platelets
might induce additional brain damage warrant further
investigations.
Introduction
In clinical routine, norepinephrine is used to increase and
maintain arterial ... pressure; ICU = intensive care unit; IL = interleukin; PRP = platelet-rich plasma; SjvO
2
= jugular venous oxygen saturation;
sTBI = severetraumaticbrain injury; TBI = traumaticbrain injury; TRAP ... with the rate of norepinephrine infusion dur-
ing steady-state conditions of the norepinephrine infusion
period. The average norepinephrine dose infused in the pres-
ently investigated patients...
... limits is controversial in
patients with severetraumaticbrain injury, because decreased
blood glucose levels can induce and aggravate underlying brain
injury.
Methods In 228 propensity matched ... in arterial blood glucose, insulin and norepinephrine dose, and ICP. Shown are changes in arterial blood glucose, insulin and norepine-
phrine dose, and intracranial pressure (ICP) in surviving ... [7,8].
These positive findings are in contrast to the present findings
of sustained haemodynamic instability and increased infec-
tions (bacteraemia and urinary tract infections) in patients
subjected...
... by traumaticbrain injury. Exp Neurol 2002, 178:59-67.
14. Pettus EH, Wright DW, Stein DG, Hoffman SW: Progesterone
treatment inhibits the inflammatory agents that accompany
traumatic brain injury. ... recently been shown in a
variety of animal models, including ischemic and traumatic
brain insult models [3-6]. Postinjury administration of proges-
terone in experimental models of head injury confers ... and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background Severetraumaticbraininjury (TBI) has been
increasing with greater incidence of injuries from...
... decreased brain tissue pH inversely correlated with ele-
vated brain lactate and pCO
2
during the first posttraumatic
day [52]. Brain pH can either be determined directly by insert-
ing specialised ... cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct
depolarisations in the acutely injured human brain. Clin Neu-
rophysiol 2008, 119:1973-1984.
12. Park E, Bell JD, Baker AJ: Traumaticbrain injury: can ... management was guided
by SjvO
2
maintaining SjvO
2
above 60%. Brain temperature
was maintained between 35 and 36.0°C using cooling blan-
kets or an intravenous cooling system (CoolGard3000; Alsius;
15770...
... refractory intracranial hyper-
tension after traumaticbrain injury. Child Nerv Syst
2006;22:1268-1274.
47. Dickerman RD, Morgan JT, Mitller MA. Decompressive cra-
niectomy for traumaticbrain injury: ... Craniectomy, TraumaticBrainInjury
Introduction
Decompressive craniectomy, which is performed
worldwide for the treatment of severe traum a t i c b r a i n
injury (TBI), is a surgical procedure in ... craniectomy in decreasing ICP and
improving pr o g n o sis in patients wi th refractory in-
tracranial hypertension after TBI.
2-8
Presently, th e
European BrainInjury Consortium and Brain Trauma
Foundation...
... time-point, and TBI group Fig.
Kinetics of body weight changes for up to 7 days after trau-matic braininjury (TBI)Figure 5
Kinetics of body weight changes for up to 7 days after
traumatic braininjury ... PF: Elevated intracranial IL-18 in humans
and mice after traumaticbraininjury and evidence of neuro-
protective effects of IL-18-binding protein after experimen-
tal closed head injury. J Cereb ... receptor type 1-related protein y, IgG1-linked
murine recombinant fusion protein; MBP, mannose-binding protein; rVCP, recombinant Vaccinia virus complement control
protein; sCR1, soluble complement...
... Post -In
j
ur
y
(
hours
)
Brain Water Content (%)
Figure 3 Increase inbrain edema does not differ in traumatic
axonal injury rats with or without hypoxia. Brain water content
was determined ... Post -Injury (hours)
Brain IL-1 (pg/mg protein)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
S 2 24 48 72 96
Time Post -Injury (hours)
Brain IL-2 (pg/mg protein)
0
2
4
6
S 2 24 48 72 96
Time Post -Injury (hours)
Brain IL-10 ... Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
1,2*
Abstract
Background: The combination of diffuse braininjury with a hypoxic insult is associated with poor outcomes in
patients with traumaticbrain injury. In this...
... far-reaching consequences considering their essential importance in
maintaining inhibitory balance and their extensive impact on neuronal function.
Background
Traumatic braininjury (TBI) disrupts neuronal ... outcome after
traumatic braininjuryin rats. Brain Res 2000, 861:325-332.
33. Jensen ML, Timmermann DB, Johansen TH, Schousboe A, Varming T,
Ahring PK: The beta subunit determines the ion selectivity ... have
resulted in an incomplete understanding of their contri-
bution to injury- induced pathology, but have indicated
that the receptor is affected by injury. Sihver et al. [12]
found a decrease in GABA
A
R...
... outcome of a mild traumaticbrain injury. Brain Injury
1996, 10(8):551-566.
25. Anson K, Ponsford J: Evaluation of a coping skills group following
traumatic brain injury. BrainInjury 2006, 20:167-178.
26. ... mind after traumaticbrain injury.
Neuropsychologia 2005, 43:99-114.
134. Havet-Thomassin V, Allain P, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Le Gall D: What about
theory of mind after severebrain injury? BrainInjury ... factors inbrain injury- associated
personality change. BrainInjury 1994, 8(3):265-276.
132. Turkstra LS, Dixon TM, Baker KK: Theory of Mind and social beliefs in
adolescents with traumaticbrain injury. ...
... N, Singh D, Varma N, Mathuriya SN:
Change in tissue thromboplastin content of brain following
trauma. Neurol India 2005, 53:178-182.
35. Stein SC, Smith DH: Coagulopathy intraumaticbrain injury.
Neurocrit ... et al.: EBIC
guidelines for management of severe head injuryin adults.
Acta Neurichir 1997, 139:286-294.
20. Vincent JL, Berré J: Primer on medical management of severe
brain injury. Crit Care ... component in whom
rFVIIa treatment was reported to be effective in controlling the
evolution of intracerebral brain contusion and bleeding. Four
patients presented with a penetrating head injury, ...
... first year post -injury, of non-fatal traumatic
braininjury (TBI) in motorcycle users not wearing helmets in Hanoi, Vietnam. The costs are
calculated from the perspective of the injured patients ... year after traumaticbrain injury: A mul-
ticenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997, 78:125-31.
14. Ruffolo CF, Friedland JF, Dawson DR, Colantonio A, Lindsay PH: Mild
traumatic braininjury ... possible, households were strategic in mini-
mizing the loss of household income by selecting
Table 1: One-year costs associated with treatment by level of traumaticbraininjury (Unit: USD, 1USD = 15,850...
... intraumaticbrain injury: a
complex struggle against the nature of biology. Curr Opin Crit
Care 2007, 13:134-142.
5. Wang KK, Larner SF, Robinson G, Hayes RL: Neuroprotection
targets after traumatic ... [6-8].
Competing interests
SMM is an investigator in the TraumaticBrainInjury Clinical
Trials Network. JDK is a Principal Investigator in the Resusci-
tation Outcomes Consortium.
References
1. ... to clinical reality
are vital to those of us seeking to expand our armamentarium
of therapeutic options in the treatment of these injuries [6-8].
Competing interests
SMM is an investigator in the...