... plunked down the Kolmogorov backward equation without any justification In fact, one can use Itˆ ’s formula to prove the Feynman-Kac Theorem, and use o the Feynman-Kac Theorem to derive the Kolmogorov ... x; y: (KBE) The variables t0 and x in KBE are called the backward variables In the case that a and are functions of x alone, pt0; t1 ; x; y depends on t0 and t1 only through their difference ... T , t 16.4 The Kolmogorov Backward Equation Consider dX t = at; X t dt + t; X t dBt; and let pt0; t1 ; x; y be the transition density Then the Kolmogorov Backward Equation is:...
... of and 2, and 3, and 4, andand x We discuss the Epq mode, which has Ex and Hy as principal ®eld y components, andthe Epq mode, which has Ey and Hx as principal ®eld components Here, p and q and ... Comparing the characteristic equations (2.30) and (2.32) for the TE mode and Eqs (2.48) and (2.49) for the TM mode, one discovers that the characteristic equations for the TM mode contain the ratio ... discussed are the error factors of the FFT-BPM, the physical meaning of the Fresnel equation, the problems with the wide-angle FFT-BPM, andthe stability of the FD-BPM Chapter discusses the ®nite-difference...
... burn-in and discarded Authors' contributions MAC and JMB conceived the investigation, carried out the analyses and wrote the paper MAC carried out the PCR and sequencing All authors read and approved ... detected by the presence of double peaks and coded following the conventions of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology From these, haplotypes were resolved using the maximum ... is native to the deserts of southern Israel and western Iraq, is the wild progenitor of safflower Safflower and C palaestinus share a self-compatible breeding system [12]; thus, the near absence...
... of and 2, and 3, and 4, andand x mode, which has Ex and Hy as principal ®eld We discuss the Epq y mode, which has Ey and Hx as principal ®eld components, andthe Epq components Here, p and q and ... Comparing the characteristic equations (2.30) and (2.32) for the TE mode and Eqs (2.48) and (2.49) for the TM mode, one discovers that the characteristic equations for the TM mode contain the ratio ... discussed are the error factors of the FFT-BPM, the physical meaning of the Fresnel equation, the problems with the wide-angle FFT-BPM, andthe stability of the FD-BPM Chapter discusses the ®nite-difference...
... quadratic equation for z3 /z2 Comments The polynomial form of the Scattering Equations facilitates computation of their solutions za (k), due to the linearity of the equations in the individual ... variables za The Scattering Equations can be generalized to massive particles, enabling the description of tree amplitudes for massive ϕ3 theory In four dimensions, the Scattering Equations andthe twistor ... uneq The N − polynomial equations hm = 0, of degree m, linear in each za individually, are equivalent to the Scattering Equations By B´ezout’s theorem, they determine (N-3)! solutions for the...
... residue; then, the obtained values are averaged inside the window andthe average is assigned to the central residue of the window The smoothed expected values for every position of the polypeptide ... HST, the total area (the HST being the zero axis) andthe area above the HST of each profile peak identified as a hot-spot These areas are calculated numerically using the trapezoidal rule [22] The ... contacts higher than the cut-off) andthe size of the region is greater than or equal to the size of the sliding window used Optimum values for the cut-off (threshold) andthe sliding-window length...
... boxes I-III (CSB), tRNA genes, L and H strand promoters (LSP and HSP), L and H strand transcription start sites (LSS and HSS) The L-strand sequenceand position of the putative promoter distal transcription ... from free and protein-bound DNA (complex II), respectively The arrows on the right and asterisks on the left hand sequence bar denote the protected nucleotides The Maxam and Gilbert sequence reactions ... protein bound to the H and L-strands of the probe Some of the discrepancies between the South-western and UV cross-link analyses as well as the failure to obtain thesequence of the poly(vinylidine...
... that the jump matrices andthe behavior near the origin of the RH problem for P correspond exactly to the jump matrices andthe behavior near the origin of the RH problem for Ψα We use the solution ... for z in the lower parts of the lens T (z) ω(z)−1 e2nϕt (z) Then S is the unique solution of the following RH problem posed on the contour ΣS which is the union of R with the upper and lower ... vanishes at the origin For t < 1, the origin is outside of the support and for t slightly less than 1, there is a gap in the support around An annoying consequence is that the equality in the variational...
... was reproducible and is therefore considered to be relevant (see the discussion) Role of specific residues in the P-loop andthe signature sequence in the interaction with ATP and Fru1,6P2 Fig ... introduced by the primer is underlined) and CD14 (5¢-AAGCTTAGTTAGATATCAGAGACC ATG) The PCR product was digested with NdeI and BamHI and cloned into pET3c cut with the same enzymes The wild-type and F200W ... SacII and BamHI and cloned into pGP172 linearized with the same enzymes The resulting plasmids were pGP611 and pGP612 for the wild-type and F200W forms of hprK, respectively Mutagenesis of the...
... may affect the GNP in the following ways: the higher the level of indebtedness, the larger the country’s leverage, the more limited the external sources of credit, andthe greater the number ... of the results conform with the theoretical analysis For the growth equation, both the direct effect and total effect of exogenous variables on the growth equation (YR) are the same sign The ... 5, theoretical expectations and hypothesis are proposed Section is devoted to the regression results from the simultaneous equations model and presents and discusses empirical results and their...
... 1.4 The structure of the paper Acknowledgements The 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 spectral sequence Recalls and notation Construction of the spectral sequence Proof of the main theorem I: Invariance of the ... is given by the S∗ (Ek )’s The spectral sequence associated to this filtration is, by definition, the Serre spectral sequence of the statement [35] The proof of the theorem consists of the following ... ∅} It has been proven by the second author together with Andrew Ranicki in §2.1 of [6] that under the assumptions of the theorem and for the case of periodic orbits, the Floer comparison morphism...
... polypeptide in the 43 kDa band of V vulgaris as a new isoform of hyaluronidase Furthermore, we analyzed the hyaluronidase band in five other common yellow jacket species and we investigated the N-glycan ... and immunoblot (lane B) of the venom from Vespula vulgaris The double band at 43–45 kDa, usually considered to represent hyaluronidase, is the object of the present study In the immunoblot, the ... horizontally, and that of the mother ion tilted From the loss of two fucose, of three mannose and, finally, of two GlcNAc residues, the composition of the glycan moiety of this peptide could be deduced The...
... hybridization with the 710-bp PCR probe, positive clones were selected andthe inserts sequenced The bottom of the figure (B) indicates the positions of BamHI and HindIII fragments, relative to the entire ... structural and functional elements of rmGP [4] and EcMalP [3] onto the linear sequence of StP and thus measures the extent of conservation of the respective ÔsitesÕ in StP As in other GPs, the catalytic ... Cloning and sequencing of the StP gene Using the PCR primers p1 and p2, a 710-bp fragment was amplified from chromosomal C callunae DNA, blunt-end cloned into pUC 18, and sequenced The sequence...
... middle and high frequency parts of the vocal range andthe angular frequencies to(F) and amplitudes a(F) of formants The first four cues dp, to {h are properties of a single spectral slice, andthe ... (noise) and ? (occlusion), the source elements H (voicelessness), L (non-spontaneous voicing) and N (nasality), andthe resonance elements A (low), I (palatal), U (labial) and R (coronal) These ... male and female, synthetic and real with different regional accents, these cues discriminate between the simplest speech segments containing an element in a minimal combination with others In the...
... modulus andthe cross-sectional area, and f is either the friction or contact force on the surface of the bar), pipe flow (u is the hydrostatic pressure, a1 = 7rD4/128p, is the diameter, p is the ... time-dependent and time-independent PDEs I f theequation is time-independent, we put n = d and z = x,where d is the spatial dimension and x the spatial variable This often is the case with elliptic equations ... Ifthe quantities in theequation depend on time, which often is the case with parabolic and hyperbolic equations, we put n = d and z = (2,) , where t t is the temporal variable In such case the...
... The Lagrange–Routh Equations We now put together the information on the structure of the two form βµ with the reduced equations in the previous section The Horizontal Equation We begin with the ... study the Euler–Poincar´ formulation of the Maxwell–Vlasov equations for plasma physics e The Kelvin–Noether Theorem There is a version of the Noether theorem that holds for solutions of the Euler–Poincar´ ... equations for the equations (1.6) and simply e the Euler–Poincar´ equations or the Euler–Poincar´ equations with advection or the Euler– e e Poincar´ equations with advected parameters, for the equations...
... convergent if there exists x ẻ X such that limnđ N(xn - x, t) = for all t > In this case, x is called the limit of thesequence {xn}, and we denote it by N - lim xn = x The limit of the convergent sequence ... for all x, y Ỵ X and positive real numbers t, s The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.1, and we omit the details □ Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Korea Research ... the proof All authors conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they...
... Littlewood JE: Contributions to the theory of the Riemann zeta function andthe theory of the distribution of primes Acta Math 1918, 41:119-196 Titchmarsh EC: The Theory of the Riemann Zeta Function ... earlier in the work of Tchebychev in the study of the Riemann zeta function andthe location of the non-trivial zeros However, the general case of the function and its relation with the zeta family ... (3:20) The function of the discrete variable can be thought of as the parts of the sheet lying over the grid lines of the integer values of n Thesequence where the curve intersects the grid...