... in epileptic patients [27]. Other mechanisms maybe associated with the increase in ROS levels in the epilepsy model as well as in neurodegenerationobserved in epileptic humans [18,28].During ... oxidative stress. Our findings show that pilocarpine induces SE,which can produce alterations in superoxide dismutaseand catalase activities in different areas, thereby pro-tecting the brain from ... activity is related to the mechanismsinvolved inthe initiation and ⁄ or propagation ofseizures induced by pilocarpine. Our results are in agreement with another study showing unalteredsuperoxide...
... effects of stress via educationand management strategies● Assisting individuals who are experiencing the effectsof stress Preventing or minimising the causes of stress Eliminating or reducing sources ... of skills training options under the stress management umbrella, includingassertiveness training, leadership skills training, timemanagement skills, interpersonal skills training, andrelaxation ... Effective stress prevention and managementrequire tackling the problem at several levels simultaneously.● Preventing problems by eliminating or minimising stress at source● Minimising the negative...
... in fatty acid utilization,increase in glucose utilization) inthe murine femaleheart. Moreover, our data suggest that these changesoccur in an Akt-independent manner. Further studiesare therefore ... 2007)doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06051.x The mechanisms underlying increased cardioprotection in younger femalemice are unclear. We hypothesized that serine-threonine protein kinase(protein kinase B; Akt) triggers ... results inthe emission of light. The intensity of the bioluminescence was detected using aluminometer, and the mitochondrial ATP concentration wasdetermined. Mitochondrial protein concentration...
... DNA-binding zinccluster at the N-terminus, whereas the acidic activationdomain is usually present at the C-terminus. The mid-dle homology region (MHR) bridging the DNA-bind-ing and the activation ... conformation rather than altered struc-ture of the kinase targets themselves. Further, the residue changes in War1-42p do not involve serine,threonine, tyrosine or histidine (Fig. 3A). In any case, the ... lack of DNA binding. Indeed, in the case of War1-42p, in vivo footprinting data(Fig. 5) indicate an inability to bind to the WARE,which is normally decorated by wild-type War1p in the presence...
... differences in the interactions across the domain interface. All the resi-dues involved here seem to be unrelated to the Tris-binding site residues (including Arg223 and Ser227),either directly or indirectly. ... aa; nine aa in total) were locatednear the interface of the physiological dimer. The C-terminal domain may contain structural featuresinvolved in protein–protein interactions to form the physiological ... 303-309 aa inthe N form, and we investi-gated the following points. First, these areas are notinvolved in any contacts with other molecules in crys-tals in all the crystal forms. Second, the overall...
... the addition of stressors to the cul-tures inhibits growth without killing the cells. The hybridizing band inthe northern analysisshowed the expected size of about 680 bp indicatingthat the ... thioredoxins were found. In this study we examined the involvement of the peroxiredoxin Bcp2 in oxidative stressinthe hyper-thermophilic aerobic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus.Furthermore, ... the role of Bcp2 in orderto increase the knowledge of the enzymatic activityinvolved inthe oxidative stressin S. solfataricus.To detect differences inthe response to variousagents we induced...
... forgrowth inthe cold. Surprisingly, however, the cold sensitivephenotype in atf1–or pcr1–strains is not shared by mutantsdisrupted in either sty1+or wis1+(Fig. 5), indicating that the role ... EMM2, Edinburgh minimal medium; Ha6H,hemagglutinin antigen epitope and six histidines; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; SAPK, stress- activated protein kinase;Csp, cold-shock proteins.(Received ... cold stress (Fig. 2) is not surprising,as this is the case for other stresses [20,21,23,24]. Wis1p isthus able to integrate the transmission of different stress signals to Sty1p MAP kinase, including...
... many mRNAs is suppressed and the expression of a certain set of genes including the luminal binding protein gene BiP is induced. The under-lying mechanisms of UPR in yeasts and mam-mals have ... effective compatible osmolytes in plants subject to saltstress are GB, b -alaninebetaine, prolinebetaine, choline- O -sulphate, hydroxypro-linebetaine, and pipecolatebetaine (Ashraf and Fig. 1.1 ... tolerance to salt, drought, and the combined effects of these stresses. Osmotic stress (particularly mannitol stress) led to a considerable increase of the Pro concentration inthe obligatory...
... H2O2, they utilize the vacuole as the main source for Ca2+to be directed to the cytosol.Alkylhydroperoxide also induces a transientincrease in cytosolic Ca2+To determine whether the Ca2+-mediated ... rather modest inthe yvc1Dmutant. The residual Ca2+increase observed in the yvc1D mutant could be explained by the existence of alow-affinity Ca2+system of unknown identity [30,33].Nevertheless, ... chains). As the minimal inhibitory concentrationfor the WT strain is approximately 1 mm,Ca2+pulseswere recorded in aequorin-expressing WT cells exposedto 0.25–1.5 mm tBOOH (Fig. 5A). The...
... GSH levels inthe organs analyzed.Together, these findings prompted us to furtherinvestigate the origin of cysteine that enters blood. In theory, two possible sources exist: (a) intracellularGSH ... the end of diamide infusion in the kidneys and the liver. Additionally, a significantincrease in GSH was observed inthe liver at 3 h after the start of treatment (Fig. 7B), probably indicatingthat ... observed in aging)is sufficient to cause a large increase inthe oxidizedforms of intracellular proteins bearing vicinal thiols,which can in uence specific signaling pathways [44]. In addition,...
... sug-gests that the mitochondrial injury is caused by open-ing of the mPTP. There is evidence that ADP inhibitsopening of the mPTP by occupying binding siteslocated inthe inner and outer ... –Ca2+,15 min in incubation medium; Ca2+, 15 min in incubation mediumplus 3.5 lM Ca2+;H⁄ R, 10 min hypoxia followed by 5 min reoxy-genation; CSA, 2 lM cyclosporin A. A volume of 2 mL of the incu-bation ... protected against deleterious conse-quences of stroke [3,4]. Moreover, the increase in lipidperoxidation after ischemia also points towards the involvement of oxidative stress [5,6].Further investigations...
... Sentence stress organizes the words inthe sentence into logically connected thought groups by joining the unstressed syllables to the main stressed syllable inthe group and marking the end of the ... sentence stress singles out the most important word inthe sentence by giving it emphatic stress. - Sentence stress marks the end of the sentence by giving the strongest stress to the last stressed ... display either final rising-falling or final rising intonation contours. Their meaning will differ depending on which of these contours is used. Pronounce the following tag questions with the intonation...
... healthywork environment, in which the effects of stress are minimisedand managed, and employees are supported in using anddeveloping their abilities and potential. Finally, the recruitmentand retention ... help.Indicators of individual stress ● Increase in unexplained absences or sick leave● Poor performance ● Poor time-keeping ● Increased consumption of alcohol, tobacco or caffeine6Mental Health inthe ... removing or reducing furthersources of stress at work, and supporting the individual throughany short-term crisis.Access to professional counselling services can be aninvaluable help in assisting...
... baicalensis. The toxin OA is produced by the dinoflagellates from the taxon Gymnodinium. In both win-ter and summer the dinoflagellates produce primary metabolites via their photosynthetic activity; the ... N1, incubation at 4 °C inthe absence of OA; N2, at 4 °Cin the presence of OA; N3, incubation at 17 °C inthe absence ofOA; N4, incubation at 17 °C inthe presence of OA. In parallel, afilter ... mgÆmL)1, dissolved in methanol. Within the range of 10 ngÆmL)1to 1 lgÆmL)1 the change of the absorbance was linear (logarithmic plot). For the determin-ation inthe tissue of the sponge, extracts...