... China Statistics Yearbook, China Financial Yearbook and People’s Bank of ChinaStatistics Quarterly bulletin.B. Development of direct financing and indirect financing marketsproviding financing ... in exploring on-line banking business as well as in promotingnon-bank financial institutions. Efforts should be made in upgrading financialoperations and financial services, and in conducting ... using traditional monetary policyinstruments.C. Sequencing of institution building in the financial sector The sequencing of institution building in the financial sector may differ fromcountry...
... ethanol-induced mucosal injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract leading to increase in the permeability of the gut mucosa to endotoxins [43, 44]. These factors are involved in ethanol-induced ... . Interestingly, HMGN3 has been found to be associated with resistance against anticancer drugs including vinblastine, topotecan, paclitaxel and doxorubincin in human hepatocellular carcinoma ... signaling. This finding corroborates the interaction observed between various intracellular signaling pathways and apoptosis induced by 1mM concentration of ethanol in HepG2 cells [19]. Int....
... shown that interactions betweenKCs and endotoxin comprise the initiating event lead-ing to hepatotoxicity in liver injury, including endotox-emia and ischemia ⁄ reperfusion injury [14]. In ourstudies, ... signaling is independent of Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptorprotein. Drug Metab Dispos 36, 95–101.10 Ghose R, Guo T & Haque N (2009) Regulation of geneexpression of hepatic ... USA). Binding of all of the anti-bodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRONBiotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manu-facturer’s instructions. The intensity of the...
... renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in theUnited States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies deter-mined by clinical trials and estimated in ... should continue to be included in ongoing testing programs if their skin-testresults are <5 mm induration. Those vaccinees who have positive tuberculin skin-testreactions (≥5 mm of induration) ... preventing pulmonary TB in adoles-cents and adults. These studies also were not useful in determining a) the efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered6...
... would involve the following determinations: in terms of producing information about possible invest-ments and allocating capital, the financial (a) developing and analyzing measures of the ... REPORT 2013 1 GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013Rethinking the Role of the State in FinanceWashington, D.C. GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 BENCHMARKING FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AROUND ... sustainability and risk minimization; and encouraging the use of risk management tools. Success again hinges on overcoming the challenges of get-ting the design right, particularly in underde-veloped...
... important rolein the financial system of the U.S. economy. They complement the roleof large banks by special-izing in relationship banking and providing credit to smallbusinesses—a sector that ... “Small Business Lending and theChanging Structure of the Banking Industry,” Journal of Banking andFinance, August.Sullivan, Richard J. 2000. “How Has the Adoption of Internet Banking AffectedPerformance ... largerbanks in making small business loans. Loan officers at small banks cantake into account a wide variety of factors in reviewing applications forsmall business loans, including the character of...
... or without hematoxylin staining. In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati,OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O2. Culturemedium ... cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovineserum. OP9 cells were grown in aMEM containing 20%fetal bovine serum. C2C12 cells were maintained in DMEMcontaining 10% fetal bovine serum.Adipogenic ... serumand IDM (10 lgặmL)1insulin, 1 lm dexamethasone, and0.5 mm IDM). Cells were then maintained in DMEM con-taining 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 lgặmL)1insulin. Themedium was replaced...
... calcium-independentphospholipase A2participates in ER stress-inducedINS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting cera-mide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins byneutral sphingomyelinase. Biochemistry 46, ... leading to the accumulation of sphingomyelin [27]. Because one of the pathwaysfor ceramide recycling is the sphingomyelin pathway, itis conceivable that in addition to the accumulation of Fig. ... should have a key rolein our under-standing of the mechanisms of the disease. We proposethat pathology data will, in most cases, be moreinsightful than clinical data in defining the disease.This...
... rolein skin woundhealing. After a skin injury, PPARb expression is rap-idly elevated in the epidermis at the wound edges; dele-tion of a single PPARb allele results in delayed woundhealing ... culturedhuman keratinocytes [14]. In this study, we examined the interaction betweenCerK and PPARb, and its rolein regulating keratino-cyte survival. We report that in a mouse keratinocytecell line upregulation ... Ceris incorporated, hydrolyzed to sphingosine and thenrecycled into intracellular Cer itself, and that accumu-lation of Cer contributes to the induction of apoptosis[20]. However, the signaling...
... detected atthe dimer interface of the models or in the surroundings of the hinge loop residues. Likewise, the models of nonex-changing and exchanging HHP-RNase were prepared start-ing from 1Z7X. ... strong, neutralizing action of the cytosolic RNaseinhibitor (cRI), a 50-kDa protein containing 16 leu-cine-rich repeat motifs [7,8]. In fact, onconase fromRana pipiens eggs [9], and seminal RNase ... detected at the dimerinterface of the models or in the surroundings of themutated residues. The models of RNase A covalent dimers in the exchanging conformation were prepared using the7RSA structure...
... substratebinding process. This provides strong evidence thatN-glycans, in particular their terminal structures, areinvolved in regulating the GABA translocation of GAT1, but not in binding of GAT1 ... that N-linked oligosaccharide side-chainsare important for the GABA transport activity.1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into the roleof theterminal ... folding of newly synthesizedproteins in the ER. If N-glycosylation is inhibited,some glycoproteins fail to fold or assemble efficiently,resulting in a prolonged retention in the ER and anincreased...
... questions in pointing out the value of applying a CN methodology to cross- linguistic study. In explaining the representation issues for French, we will first, briefly provide background in current ... hension of French, will form the basis of the discussion. 4.1 Word Boundaries in On-Line Comprehension of French Because of the parallel activation of all meanings of each recognized word in ... and in what contexts these morphemes are affected. The study includes off-line picture naming which forces use of articles in all of the above contexts, as well as on-line production of these...
... Ph.D.Associate ProfessorDepartment of Political ScienceUniversity of OklahomaNorman, OKStanton A. Glantz, Ph.D.Professor of MedicineDepartment of Medicine Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, ... consequences of smoking are rarely depicted in movies.4. Cross-sectional studies show that, among adolescents, exposure to smoking in movies is associated with initiation of smoking, independent of ... needed on the role exposure to smoking in movies plays in adolescents’ smoking beyond the initiation phase. 6. Experimental studies show that images of cigarette smoking in film can in uence adolescent...
... decreasing for 53% of the sample, it has been increasingfor 36%, and has been stable for the remaining 11%. An increase in indebtedness (of 80% in average) is associated with a 14% decrease in production, ... to soft finance have regularly played a strong rolein sustaining firmswith low actual level of demand. Here inventory reflects changes over the past sixmonths;- exp-prod is an indication of ... a higher probability of postingprofits. However, a regime of soft budget constraints may also allow loss-making firms tobuild up inventories, thus supporting their level of output. Hence we...
... beenpioneers in the Latin American microfinance industry. As of today, 7 out of 15 Latin American members are active in microfinance. These membersare involved in different ways in the microfinance sector ... scale, andoutreach continues to grow in terms of the number of microborrowers.Institutions providing microfinance in Asia play a critical rolein increasingthe access to finance for underprivileged ... people often lack collateral, and in some cases theyhave low levels of reading and writing skills. By serving this segment of the population in developing and emerging economies the microfinanceindustry...