... received instructions in reading, writing,
and speaking Arabic. Abu-Rabia and Siegel (2002) found
that English and Arabic phonological processing skills, as
measured by pseudoword readingin each language, ... of
the reading process, including reading failure. Since the con-
cept of learning disability was first outlined by Samuel Kirk
(1963), investigators have concentrated on identifying the
basic skills ... readingin English
stress that phonological processing is the most significant un-
derlying cognitive process used in the acquisition of reading
skills (Stanovich, 1986). With respect to reading...
... point of view
with regard to …
as regards …
in being
in that it is
inasmuch as it is
more + adjective
less + adjective
A is superior to
inferior to
B
in giving
showing
exhibiting ... be right in certain respects, but our findings show that …
* We respect X's work in this area, but our initial conclusions indicate that …
35
Language functions
4.2 Classifying
Classifying ... real definition, that is a definition that explains precisely the essential, intrinsic
characteristics of an object.
the nominal definition, that is one that helps to determine the meaning...
... kept inin the cage.
Despite my seemingly never-ending agnostic
questioning and doubting, in light of the evidence
revealed in this book, it seems prudent to hedge my
bets at this point and ... disconcerting to have madame
knitting all the way there, in a public conveyance; it was
additionally disconcerting yet, to have madame in the
crowd in the afternoon, still with her knitting in her ... been doing these days?
B: Ф Preparing for the driving license test
A : Have you been swimming?
B : yes, I have Ф
A : What have you been doing
B : Ф swimming
Those who prefer Ф, can stay indoors
...
... people and to
maintain the skills of its workforce.
Traditionally, business and government focused on finding ways to boost economic
growth by increasing consumer spending, creating a climate ... skills training is often the first step in an ongoing learning process allowing
employees to achieve personal goals and keep pace with a changing workplace that
increasingly demands literacy skills. ... support the introduction of increasingly sophisticated
and effective interventions to bring about improvements in literacy in the workplace.
Early work in the literacy field defined literacy...
... 2006.
A cross-linguistic comparison of address pronoun use in
four European languages: Intralingual and interlingual
dimensions. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of
the Australian Linguistic Society, ... 2008. Mining and mod-
eling relations between formal and informal Chinese
phrases from web corpora. In Proceedings of the 2008
Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language
Processing, pages ... for Computational Linguistics
“I Thou Thee, Thou Traitor”:
Predicting Formal vs. Informal Address inEnglish Literature
Manaal Faruqui
Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur,...
... is
smoking, you will inhale the smoke too.
Inhaler A small tool people can use to help them
breathe in special medicine.
Yvette’s inhaler brings medicine to her lungs and
reduces swelling.
Irritants ... swelling in the airways
People can breathe better and have fewer asthma
attacks when the swelling is reduced. One kind of
asthma medicine, called anti-inflammatory medicine,
reduces the swelling in ... to reduce
the swelling in his lungs.
Swelling An increase in size.
We could all see the swelling in his arm when he
was stung by a bee. We cannot see or feel the
swelling in the lungs caused...
... that if native languagereading instruction
does not precede or coincide with Englishreading instruction, then English reading
instruction should be delayed until a modicum of oral English proficiency ... early reading program in development by ForLogic also
provides ongoing information to teachers regarding student progress in specific component
skills of reading. Students engage inreading activities ... comprehension skills, and
integration of reading and writing. The schools in the study also provided English as a second
language (ESL) instruction. After the reading period, ESL teachers tutored individual
students...
... or interrupt the Assessor at any point.
1 You are being tested on your Listening Skills.
2 You will hear a set of recordings of the Listening Input or listen to a reading of the Listening Input. ... the recording of the Listening Input
Quality of the oral rendering of the Listening Input (in case it is to be read aloud by the Examiner), in terms
of volume, clarity, enunciation, intonation, ... assessed in the formative and summative assessments:
i. Listening for specific information
ii. Listening for general understanding
iii. Predictive listening
iv. Inferential listening
v. Listening...
... upon their reading, thinking, and writing throughout the year.
Scaffolding Strategy Instruction
In the interest of teaching not through transmission but transaction, the teachers
in the Pathway ... (2002). Reading for understanding:
Toward an R & D program in reading
comprehension. Santa Monica, CA: Rand
Corporation.
S
NOW, C., BURNS, S., & GRIFFIN, P. (EDS.) 1998.
Preventing reading ... Strategies Approach to Reading and Writing 301
S
CHOENBACH, R., GREENLEAF, C., CZIKO, C., &
H
URWITZ, L. (1999). Reading for understand-
ing: A guide to improving readingin middle
and high school...