r hickey ss 2006 variation in child language
Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Measurement of Syntactic Development in Child Language" docx
... of certain GRs needs to be made more accurately We intend to annotate more in- domain training data for GR labeling, and we are currently investigating the use of other applicable GR parsing techniques ... comparisons of agreement figures obtained with different sets of transcripts are somewhat coarse-grained, given the variations within children, human scorers and transcript quality, our results are ... 3: IPSyn structures where errors occur most frequently, and their percentages of the total number of errors over 41 transcripts Errors in items S11 (propositional complements), S16 (relative clauses),...
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Cambridge studies in linguistics 128 m rita manzini, leonardo m savoia grammatical categories variation in romance languages cambridge university press (2011)
... Editors: p austin, j bresnan, b comrie, s crain, w.dressler, c j ewen, r lass, d lightfoot, k rice, i roberts, s romaine, n v smith Grammatical Categories: Variation in Romance Languages Grammatical ... Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs or external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee ... of Latin nominal inflections 286 Acknowledgements The research reported in this book has been financed largely through PRIN grants from the MURST/MIUR, namely Per una cartografia strutturale...
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Motivation as a Contributing Factor in Second Language Acquisition
... input, in terms of the amount of time spent studying the language and then output, expressed as linguistic performance when investigating language learning In order to examine language learning ... reasons for the renewed interest of adults in studying include acquiring new skills necessary for the workplace and preparation for an overseas work transfer Benson (1991) noted that educators in Japan ... for integrating into the target language community Instrumental Motivation In contrast to integrative motivation is the form of motivation referred to as instrumental motivation This is generally...
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Writing In English - Language functions
... to introduce paraphrases You can use the same 'reporting' verbs for paraphrasing as are given in Section 4.8 on Quoting In particular, verbs that reflect the original writer's purpose or attitude ... original source says by putting the ideas in your own words In general, it is preferable to use the indirect, or paraphrasing, method since this incorporates the other author's ideas better into ... superior to inferior to B in a certain way from a certain point of view with regard to … as regards … more + adjective in being less + adjective in that it is inasmuch as it is more + noun in...
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A study of words in the language of sports in english and vietnamese
... than correct collocation In the 2nd test, incorrect collocation was lower than correct collocation However, in the 3rd test, there were 69% correct collocation but there were only 11% incorrect ... lists of errors resulting from in the students' tests This error type of verb follows by an infinitive approximation; *far line stroke instead of hook stroke, *straight without "to" However, it was ... athletes and The role of sports language is strictly related to the role of coaches who are working in Sports Industry sports in man’s life, and the function of linguistic expression in sports I hope...
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(1) how learners approach learning, both in and out of classrooms, and (2) the kinds of strategies and cognitive processing they use in second language acquisition
... speaking and writing I Metacognitive INDIRECT STRATEGIES Strategies in A Centering your learning B Arranging and planning your learning 23 C Evaluating your learning II Affective A Lowering your anxiety ... competence An insight into the learners’ learning process would Being aware of learners’ process of learning, teachers can better support their learners II.2.4 Factors affecting students’ strategy choice ... word impeded their thinking process or their progress” (cited in Wang, 2006: 10) Females, however, reported using significantly more compensation strategies, such as guessing and learning from...
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Tài liệu Mothers’ Investments in Child Health in the U.S. and U.K.: A Comparative Lens on the Immigrant ''Paradox'' docx
... higher levels of drinking during children’s early lifetimes In both countries, it is worth pointing out that there are no sizeable differences in the timing of prenatal care across nativity groups ... migration as a parenting investment, a decision made with the child in mind Mothers who move in order to provide better long-term opportunities for their children, or with their future childbearing ... percentages, unless otherwise indicated Variable Maternal Health Inputs Smoked During Pregnancy Breastfed First Received Prenatal Care First Trimester Second Trimester Third Trimester/Never Smoking...
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Tài liệu Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions ppt
... temperature during the study period Figure barometric pressure during in study period Graph showing the variationthethe monthly average morning Graph showing the variation in the monthly average ... meteorological factors had no influence on the incidence of preeclampsia In contrast, lower temperature, higher rainfall and humidity and lower barometric pressure were related to the triggering ... mechanisms involved Figure relative humidity during the in the monthly Graph showing the variationstudy period average morning Graph showing the variation in the monthly average morning relative...
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Tài liệu CURRENT R&D OF ADVANCED ROBOTS IN CHINAREPORT TO JCF’2002 OF IARPSOME CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS ppt
... Micro-manipulating robots Some micromanipulating robots used for bioengineering and micro-assembly have been developed in China, three examples and their recent developing 5.1 Micromanipulating robot facing ... Total optical micromanipulating system CURRENT R& D OF ADVANCED ROBOTS IN CHINA REPORT TO JCF’2002 OF IARP micromanipulations or micro-machining are finished by coming into some particulates’ bodies ... surgeon’s experience to locate the pathological tissues, which are normally not really clear Discarding the cumbersome frame, the robot-assisted neurosurgery system uses the markers for registration...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mg2+-modulated KMnO4 reactivity of thymines in the open transcription complex reflects variation in the negative electrostatic potential along the separated DNA strands ppt
... Protein–nucleic acid interactions during open complex formation investigated by systematic alteration of protein and DNA binding partners Biochemistry 38, 5959–5967 Roe J-H, Burgess RR & Record ... were determined by volume integration using the imagequant software RPo at the kPR promoter Footprinting reactions of RPo at kPR were performed as a function of single-hit oxidant dose as described ... encoding XhoI and EcoRI sequences The PCR product was cloned into the pDS3 plasmid, and the kPR-containing fragment purified as for Pa DNA primers used in footprinting of RPo, Pr(nt) – complementary...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Exploiting Social Information in Grounded Language Learning via Grammatical Reductions"" docx
... grounded learning to adaptor grammar inference problems Adaptor grammars are a framework for stating a variety of Bayesian nonparametric models defined in terms of a hierarchy of Pitman-Yor Processes: ... finding a way of expressing the non-linguistic information as part of the strings that serve as the grammatical inference procedure’s input Here we encode the nonlinguistic information in a “prefix” ... framework for cross-situational word-learning In J.C Platt, D Koller, Y Singer, and S Roweis, editors, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20, pages 457–464, Cambridge, MA MIT Press...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Lexicon Adaptation for Improved Character Accuracy – A New Direction in Chinese Language Modeling" pptx
... character in the reference n~u: symbols for Chinese characters Figure 3: A character-based confusion network (CCN) and corresponding reference manual transcription characters character alternatives In ... reference character is ranked first in the corresponding cluster (Rm−1 and the cluster Calign(m−1) ) In this case the reference character can be correctly recognized (2) The reference character is included ... a passive assistance for recognizing reference characters correctly Of course we eliminate some strong competitive characters in this way but we can not guarantee that reference characters will...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "The Use of Ooject-Special Knowledge in Natural Language Processing" doc
... ATRANS The =arch completes the causal cnaln, causing the merging of 56 REFERENC£S concurrent processes which share control and contribute to each o t h e r In a v e r y dynamic manner, ideas from ... the Inference processes used for causal chain completion Jn OPUS are more h i g h l y constrained than was possible in Rle~er's system In MEMORY, all possible inferences were made for each new conceptualization ... faucet, in addition to turning it on Had the sentence read "John turned on the faucet so Mary could drlnK."p the program would infer that Mary took the water from the faucet In processin~ the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "THEORETICAL/TECHNICAL ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES" pdf
... their a~sociated relations Furthermore, query structures contain logical variables which serve the function of establishing reference, including identity of reference Thus if the query structure ... subplanning area (SUBPLAN_AREA) of X8 is 410 The structure is mapped in straightforward fashion by a Knuth attribute grammar translation procedure into the set domain relational calculus expression: ... administrator (DBA) responsible for providing a formal query language definition of the virtual relations produced In this case that would take the form of defining GEOBASE* as the appropriate...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES FROM A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE" doc
... system for interpreting natural language queries Research Paper 156, Dept of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, Feb 1981 [Submitted to AJCL] Warren D H D, Pereira L M and Perelra F ... 101-114 Perelra F C N Logic for analysis PhD thesis, Edinburgh, 1982 Warren D H D Efficient processing of interactive relational database queries expressed in logic Seventh Conf on Very Large Data ... only primitive facts are stored explicitly, others being derived by general rules, and also to avoid storing redundant information Time and Tense The problem of providing a common framework for time...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "From HOPE en I''''ESPERANCE On the Role of Computational Neurolinguistics in Cross-Language Studies " pptx
... information that does not receive additional input I t is an important part of the neural processes which occur during memoryaccess H P stresses the process of natural language OE by incorporating ... sense, but are often generic and mark masculine, feminine, or plural (Gross, 1977; Goffic and McBride, 1975) And furthermore, these same articles often are not translated into meaning preserving sentences ... content w o r d with appropriate masculine/feminine indicators (Jayez, 1982) The issues are not whether human brains work in a universal fashion, but instead raise questions of how interpreted levels...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "TEMPORALON TO LOGY IN NATURAL LANGUAGE" doc
... describes the preparation as ongoing and no longer asserts that the original culmination even occurred There would be no contradiction in continuing (7) Harry was reaching the top asin (8) Harry ... the process node According to the transition network, this involves first adding a preparatory process to the culmination, and then stripping off the culmination point As a result, the progressive ... process of temporal reference involves reference to the appropriate part of a nucleus, where appropriateness is a function of the inherent meaning of the core expression, of the coercive nature...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Phrase-Based Backoff Models for Machine Translation of Highly Inflected Languages" docx
... position-independent word error rate (PER) for the entire development set Set train1 train2 train3 train4 train5 Set train1 train2 train3 train4 train5 German-English baseline backoff BLEU PER BLEU PER 14.3 ... to the baseline model are shown in boldface (p < 0.05) Set train1 train2 train3 train4 train5 Set train1 train2 train3 train4 train5 German-English baseline backoff BLEU PER BLEU PER 15.3 56.4 ... morpho-syntactic knowledge for reordering certain syntactic constructions that differ in word order in the source vs target language (German and English) Reordering is applied before training...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Generalized Hebbian Algorithm for Incremental Singular Value Decomposition in Natural Language Processing" potx
... asymmetrical data It allows singular vectors to be learned from paired inputs presented serially using no more memory than is required to store the singular vector pairs themselves It is therefore relevant ... unsupervised learning in a single-layer linear feedforward neural network Neural Networks, 2:459–473 Terence D Sanger 1993 Two iterative algorithms for computing the singular value decomposition from ... datum minus its projection onto the first singular vector pair in order to prevent the second singular vector pair from becoming the same as the first But if the first pair is far away from its...
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Tài liệu Spanish-English Writing Structure Interferences in Second Language Learners pptx
... L2 writing Furthermore, findings in this research study aim to show the importance of grammar lessons during the first semesters of English learning Students in this research had a large decrease ... the writing process in order to maintain the process and prevent a complete breakdown in language Linking this current research study and this theory, it can be concluded that first semester students ... patterns in one language are naturally transferred to the second language which may be an indicator of error in some structures Not all the structures in the L1 are the same in the L2 As a result,...
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