... form. This con-
sisted of a list of pairs of the form (foreign word, English
word). Because bilingual dictionary structure varies
widely, and even the availability and compatibility of
part -of- speech ... Properties of Bilingual Dictionaries For Distinguishing
Senses ofEnglishWords and Inducing English Sense Clusters
Charles SCHAFER and David YAROWSKY
Department of Computer Science and
Center for Language ... list ofEnglish words
which are possible translations; in our reduced format
each entry lists a single foreign word and single possible
English translation, though taking a union of all English
translations...
... Linguistics
Improving the Use of Pseudo -Words for Evaluating
Selectional Preferences
Nathanael Chambers and Dan Jurafsky
Department of Computer Science
Stanford University
{natec,jurafsky}@stanford.edu
Abstract
This ... report backoff scores for Google and
Erk. These consist of always choosing the Base-
line if it returns an answer (not a guessed unseen
answer), and then backing off to the Google/Erk
result for Baseline ... disambiguation: Pseudowords vs. real am-
biguous words. In 39th Annual Meeting of the Asso-
ciation for Computational Linguistics - Student Re-
search Workshop.
David Graff. 2002. English Gigaword....
... NA
For forty-one of the affixes, the part -of- speech implica-
tion changes with the length of the word, from NA-VB
for two- and three-syllable words to NA for four- to
eight-syllable words. ...
of the words in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. In its operation
it utilizes a prepared dictionary of around nine hundred words to assign
parts of speech to special or exceptional words. ... category, for a net loss of five words, where
two of these go into the error category. Six words
are added to the words with missing part of speech,
while two words are taken out of the category....
... order of acqui-
sition.
2 Profiling Language Errors
We have established the need for a description of
the general progress ofEnglish acquisition as de-
termined by the mastery of grammatical forms.
... establishing a model of the ac-
quisition ofEnglish grammatical struc-
tures by users of our English language
tutoring system, which has been de-
signed for deaf users of American Sign
Language. ... development of one of the sources of knowl-
edge used by both of these processes, a compo-
nent of the User Model representing the user’s
grammatical competence in written English.
1.2 A Need for Modeling...
... rate for each model is simply the proportion
of disagreements for the selected (v, n, v t) triples.
Figure 4 shows the error rates for each model for
all the selected (v, n, v ~) (al 0 and for ...
configurations, for example of frequencies of pairs
of a transitive main verb and the head noun of its
direct object, cannot be reliably used for compar-
ing the likelihoods of different alternative ... as before. As the figure shows, the cluster
model provides over one bit of information about
the selectional properties of the new nouns, but
the overtraining effect is even sharper than for...
... alignments of the function words are more
easily to be mistaken than content words. More-
over, we found that most Japanese function words
tend to align to a few Englishwords such as of
and ‘the’, ... deep
syntactic information.
For example, an aligned HPSG forest
3
-string pair
is shown in Figure 1. For simplicity, we only draw
the identifiers for the signs of the nodes in the HPSG
forest. Note ... that makes use of forest-
based translation rules (Mi and Huang, 2008) as
the baseline system for translating English HPSG
forests into Japanese sentences. We analyzed the
performance of the proposed...
... rates of 89%
for full morphological disambiguation (using an un-
supervised EM-HMM model) and 92.5% for part of
speech and segmentation (without assigning all the
inflectional features of the words) .
In ... rate of neologism introduction seems quite low.
This evidence illustrates the need for resolution
of unknowns: The naive policy of selecting ‘proper
name’ for all unknowns will cover only half of ... an
error reduction of 30% (57% to 70%). Overall, with
the level of 4.5% of unknown words observed in our
corpus, the algorithm we have developed contributes
to an error reduction of 5.5% for full morphological
disambiguation.
The...
... nghe rằng họ sẽ mất việc.
English wordsfor emotions - Những
từ tiếng Anh diễn tả tình cảm
- furious =very angry: "I was furious with him for breaking my favourite vase." ... with him for not helping me, as he said he
would." - Tôi giận anh ta vì đã không giúp tôi, trong khi anh ta nói là sẽ giúp.
D
- depressed = very sad: "After he failed his English ... little apprehensive before my
interview." - Trước cuộc phỏng vấn tôi cảm thấy hơi lo lắng.
B
- bewildered = very confused: "He was bewildered by the choice of computers in
the...
... this type of arqculatjon can apply only to voiceless ** K RX'Y t -vEW'bdi**o 'ê: 2 X' 2 3 W
Stmnds (P t' kl occur sometjmes in fmal posittons in some djaleds ofEnglish ... (IPA) fsee Table 1) shows man- W*'T'S''lY' '
DW Of artiolatifm fm the vertkal axis; place of artkulation on the lmrizontal CONONMWStNON'
PULMONW) OWBLY
axts; and ...
. j:jwj.rsj jy jp-ay.u a aConsonznts of thls type made as we are breathmg in sometimes occur in lan- I Ah-ut- X uv 9 mœrncxi-
j
guages as varlant's of their egressive pulmontc equivalents
....