... 9 23
31.18 The physical status of string theory? 926
32 Einstein’s narrower path; loop variables 934
32 .1 Canonical quantum gravity 934
32 .2 The chiral input to Ashtekar’s variables 935
32 .3 The ... became apparent at the head of the
beam, giving the whole structure the appearance of a distant giant parasol,
glowing evilly, with a smoky Xaming staV. The parasol’s hood began to
spread and darken a ... those that are objectively true. Indeed, I would regard mathematical
objectivity as really what mathematical Platonism is all about. To say that
some mathematical assertion has a Platonic existence...
... shall distinguish two cases according as
d
<
O
or
d
>
0; in
the first case the quadratic field is said to be imaginary and in
the second it is said to be real. Now in an imaginary ... associates. A funda-
mental problem in number theory is to determine which domains
have unique factorization, and here the definition of a prime
plays a crucial role. In fact we have the basic theorem ... congruences in an obvious way, and there is an analogue
of Fermat's theorem tothe effect that if
n
is a Gaussian prime
and
a
is a Gaussian integer, with
(a,
n)
=
1,
then
aN(")-'p...
... make, measure, use, and
design on the nanoscale. Because the nanoscale is so small, almost unimaginably
small, it is clearly difficult to do the imagining, the making, the measuring, and the ... companies that claim to be nano companies are engaging in research or
trying to cash in on hype rather than working toward delivering a true nano product,
but there certainly are exceptions. There ... picking them
up off the surface onto a scanning tip that moves around and puts them back down.
For both cases, the scanning tip acts as a sort of earthmover at the nanoscale. Inthe
pushing application,...
... Again and again, it turns out to be a fact that the world
contains physical operations and magnitudes that are in this way ‘‘well
behaved’’ with respect to specific mathematical operations and ... sets the
Manys in relation to them: Many particular individuals ‘‘participate in ’
one real separate Form.
The fundamental role of Platonic universals, the Forms, is thus to serve
as principles ... something existing objectively ina mind in an unextended and
thinking substance—literally have a shape and answer tothe axioms and postulates of a geometry?
8
Recall, in this connection, Spinoza’s...
... country, of all other
standards of the given quantity. In general, the national standard in
a country is also the primary standard.
Standard, Primary: A standard of a particular measure that has the
highest ... measure-
ment is integrated into the volume calculation rather than averaged over a
time period. This factor also enters into the “accuracy” statement of an ori-
fice meter as a secondary factor ... that unit), in order to transmit it to
other measuring instruments by comparison.
Standard, International: A standard recognized by an interna-
tional agreement to serve internationally as the...
...
items
ã
Within a namespace, you can declare:
ã
another namespace
ã
class
ã
interface
ã
struct
ã
enum
ã
delegate
ã
C# is case sensitive
12
The basic variable naming rules
–
The first character of a variable ... (default)
Passed a value into a variable used by the method
–
Any changes made to this variable inthe function have
no effect on the parameter specied inthe function call
ã
Reference parameters
Send ... a method the actual reference point
–
Any changes made to this variable will be reflected in
the value of the variable used as a parameter
ã
Use the ref keyword: means the argument must be
initialized...
... literal
5.19
0.519E1
0.0519e2
519.OE-2
12.
12.0
.12E+2
12e0
0.75
.75
7.5e-1
75E-2
0.00004
0.4e-4
.4E-4
4E-5
Constant Character Constant Value
(ASCII code decimal)
Capital A
Lowercase a
Blank
Dot
Digit 0
Terminating null character
65
97
32
46
48
0
&apos ;A& apos;
&apos ;a& apos;
' '
'.'
'0'
'\0'
... Character constants take
the type char.
EXAMPLE: &apos ;A& apos; // Type: char
The numerical value is the character code representing the character. The constant &apos ;A& apos;
thus has a value ... directives are one exception tothe layout rule since they always occupy a
single line. The number sign, #, at the beginning of a line can be preceded only by a
space or a tab character.
To improve the...
... AND ASSIGNMENT STATEMENTS
To store a value ina MATLAB session, or ina program, a variable is used. The
Workspace Window shows variables that have been created and their values.
One easy way to ... a character; with out them, a letter would be
interpreted as a variable name. Characters are put in an order using what
is called a character encoding. I n the character encoding, all characters ... values.
Variables that have been created inthe Command Windo w can be seen in
the Workspace Window. In that window, for every variable, the variable
name, value, and class (which is, essentially,...
... previously into a single task. A graphical user interface is
available for editing, compiling, linking, and running the application. Moreover, addi-
tional tools, such as a debugger, can be launched.
In ... 1 53
Defining and Assigning Strings 154
Concatenating Strings 156
Comparing Strings 158
Inserting and Erasing in Strings 160
Searching and Replacing in Strings 162
Accessing Characters in Strings 164
Exercises ... (American National Standards Institute) was
founded to standardize the C++ programming language. The aim was to have as many
compiler vendors and software developers as possible agree on a unified...