... each time point Elicitor treatment Elicitors were sprayed to run-off using a hand-pumped atomizing sprayer Elicitors were diluted in water and were applied to hours into the light cycle INA was applied ... across the plant kingdom [9], including apple [15], and some components of the system share sequence similarity to proteins involved in innate immunity inthe animal kingdom [16,17] We undertook ... is not induced in response to inoculation with E amylovora In contrast tothe robust induction of PR-2, PR-5 and PR8, PR-1a was not induced during the first 96 hours following inoculation of...
... environment continues to be physically demanding with aging, whereas men's becomes lighter [18,40] On the other hand, working in unskilled occupations can involve other risk factors for work ability ... contributions Owing tothe association between unskilled workand physically strenuous workandthe established findings on physical demanding workand disability [2], we expected women in unskilled ... decreases with age and poor self-reported physical and mental health, and 2) work ability decreases with increasing physical, psychosocial and organizational problems within the working environ-...
... workand group workandto show the advantages of working inpairsand groups - To show how to organize pair and group work effectively and how to deal with initial problems that may arise - To ... students could workwiththe person next to them Student could turn round andworkwith student and students 7, 8, andwork as three together Or student could move toworkwith student andthe second ... discussing plans to improve the life inthe village Look at thepicturesand say what they should - Ask sts to practise inpairs before presenting in front of the class - Practise speaking inpairs -...
... contributions TM and OB had full access to all of the data inthe study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data andthe accuracy of the data analysis OB and TM conceived and designed the study ... (1961 to 1985, 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2000, and 2001 to 2007) and calendar period of diagnosis with respect to case fatality (1961 to 1985, 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2000, and 2001 to 2007) and geographical ... Asia and Latin America inthe US and immigrants from Ireland inthe UK [6,25,26] A significant variation in incidence by race and ethnicity and strong scientific support has been accumulating...
... proteins involved in various cellular processes, including inhibition of apoptosis Hypoxia has been reported to inhibit apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosisinducing ligand ... that in cells transfected with vector alone and treated with vehicle (Fig 5A) Interestingly, in contrast to untransfected cells, the administration of TRAIL to cells transfected with vector alone ... when compared to levels in cells exposed to normoxia There was no change inthe steady-state protein level in these cells as well Interestingly, neither MCF-12A nor human mammary epithelial cell...
... proteins and macrophages into the brain [46] TNFa and IL6 are cytokines involved in cell-mediated immune response and their production has been shown to be associated with tissue inflammation and ... activation and neuroinflammation inthe brain of patients with autism Ann Neurol 2005, 57:67-81 10 Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Le H: Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production associated with innate and ... Investigators have proposed infectious, autoimmune, and cytokine-related etiologies These information initiate our interest to measure concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ together with caspase3...
... associated with A acuminata The higher percentages of morphotypes Cortinarius tucumanensis Mos and Gyrodon monticola Sing inthe Typic Ustorthents of Catamarca Province than inthe Lythic Ustorthents ... phosphorus was determined using the method Bray and Kurtz I [26] by relating the spectral absorbance of the sample and that of a standard Total nitrogen was determined using the micro-Kjeldhal ... monticola Sing were more common inthe Typic Ustorthents than in Lythic Ustorthents, while Russula alnijorullensis (Sing.) Sing was observed primarily in Lythic Ustorthents The morphotypes Naucoria...
... 53] The decrease in osmotic potential (Ψπ100 and Ψπ0) as water availability decreased and PFD increased, allows seedlings to maintain a water potential gradient from the soil tothe plant andto ... turgor (Ψπ100) The x- and y-coordinates of the first data point of the linear portion of the PV curve corresponded to relative water content at the turgorloss point (RWC0) and inverse of osmotic ... W– seedlings were allowed to dry to a water content between 7% and 10% At the end of the first soil-drying cycle W– seedlings were watered to runoff on 20 and 23 Sept, before beginning the second...
... selected according tothe law on forest reproductive material The seeds were sown into a permeable pot of 2000 cm3 in size andthe seedlings stayed there tothe end of the experiment The rooting substrate ... Z2 for RHG and RGDS inthe second part of the growing period as well as inthe total period indicates that the difference between the control andthe shade treatments in height growth and stem ... 3a and 3c) In contrast to height and stem dry mass, RDG of both tree species was affect inthe second part of the growing period as well as inthe total period by the shade treatments in the...
... spruce seedlings, in cases where scarification and planting are performed the year following final harvest Also, we examined the influence of scarification, competing vegetation, and their interactions ... likely to occur on sites with thin humus with weak insulating properties, compared to boreal sites with thick organic layers, since these are mainly related to increased soil thermal properties and ... containerized and bare-root seedling in water immediately before transplanting, thus favouring high initial water potential and stimulating the immediate onset of photosynthesis [8] Within each...
... zone with increasing elevation − about m in height with every 100 m increase in elevation and 1.4 m in height with every 1° in latitude [35] − it is logical to expect a decline in radial growth and ... in tree-ring properties from the montane to subalpine forest However, it is not clear what will be the change in tree-ring properties of subalpine fir with increasing elevation, and whether the ... [9], relationships between subalpine fir site index and primary site factors were examined [4], andthe decline in subalpine fir site index with increased elevation and latitude was quantified [35]...
... (NBG) The larger NBG will be near the pruning point, the lower Pp; The date of pruning Pp is close toin spring and then progressively decreases during the growing season; The characteristics of the ... [44, 60] Another factor is the increasing complexity of the stand structure being studied While it is possible towork at the stand level with a monospecific, regular and evenly-aged stand, this ... position within the tree below the point of pruning A bud close tothe pruning point has a better chance of breaking than a bud farther away; The amount of foliage or organs removed by pruning The growth...
... related to a larger biomass partitioning tothe root, primarily at the expense of the stem and branches The additional investment inthe root system while maintaining the capacity for light interception ... significant in beech Drought resulted in less partitioning to leaf biomass and increased partitioning tothe fine root biomass In pedunculate oak, but not in beech, drought in combination with high ... species, and seedling size and morphology were analysed The experiment was set up to ascertain: i) the difference between seedlings of pedunculate oak and beech in their response to shading and drought,...
... the guard cells), lesions and cracks inthe cuticle, trichome abscission and destruction, andthe collapse of the secreting heads of glandular hairs (fig 1A-D) Damage decreased inthefollowing ... no lower in tween the windward and leeward sides of exposed trees The addition of ABS tothe culture reduced germination in all trees The extent of reduction increased with increasing doses, ... was sheltered from the sea wind by other vegetation and from directly exposed and declining individuals On these latter trees, pollen was taken both from the windward andthe leeward sides for...
... drafting and revising the manuscript KTR: contributed to concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data and revising the manuscript, SS: Helped in concept and design and revising the ... based on the blood supply tothe oral cavity Tumors arising in this site are amenable to selectively infusing the specific branches of the external carotid artery, particularly the lingual and facial ... arteries Using contrast material and digital subtraction imaging during the capillary phase of the infusion, interventional radiologists are able to accurately select the dominant blood supply to the...
... Arabidopsis and grape MYB60 proteins and other closely related proteins from subgroup 1: a distinctive PHEEG signature inthe MYB domain, located inthe loop connecting the R2 and R3 repeats, andthe ... opening and closure of the pore, in response to internal signals and environmental cues, allows the plant to cope withthe conflicting needs of ensuring adequate uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and ... (5’-GAGCTCTCAGAATATTGGAGAGAGTTGATCC-3’), containing a SacI site Amplified cDNAs were sequenced and then cloned in a modified version of the pPZP221 binary vector, containing the 1.3 kb AtMYB60 promoter andthe nos terminator (Galbiati,...
... was inserted through the working channel of the bronchoscope and placed on the main carina of the airways Special care was taken to position the miniprobe perpendicularly tothe surface of the ... light-coloured and thick individual lines could be discriminated in FCFM images with score (‘lamellar’) These lines were organized into layers similar tothe histological sections The linear and orientated ... inthe design of the study, and wrote the manuscript JHVDT carried out the sectioning, staining, and analysis of the biopsy specimens, and helped to draft the manuscript EHB participated in the...
... of the internalized receptors are returned tothe membrane Thus, inthe presence of continuous exposure to GnRH, the total number of receptors inthe membrane continues to decline as shown in ... is the time after the start of each individual pulse and, as in [1],, α = nM-1 and β = min-1 In response to GnRH, calcium is released from the ER into the cytoplasm with a rate constant ERR and ... leakage into the cytoplasm from the medium (the term k9 [CAE], we have (9) As inthe previous model, the volume of the ER is assumed to be 1/20 of the volume of the cytosol CAC is determined by the...
... adjusted for the interaction terms between the moderator and independent variable (i.e time*education_parents and time*gender) andthe interaction terms between the moderator andthe mediator variable ... data set as the present study A greater increase in fruit intake within the schools participating inthe program (i.e schools with grades 1-10, out of the 27 schools) compared tothe other schools ... among the pupils of high SES whereas there were no changes inthe low SES group from 2001 to 2008, adding support to our findings inthe present study The contradicting results on the time trend in...
... intensity of the bands, it appeared that the contaminant band subsequently increased in intensity from aliquot to aliquot 6, and then in aliquot the intensity appears to lessen Also detectable inthe ... (KO) of the gene encoding the protein of interest andthe studying of the resulting phenotype Previous studies done by the Harrington lab utilized small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to “knock down” the steady-state ... TNF-α) Inthe absence of cytokine, SIMPL was localized in both the cytoplasm andthe nucleus as opposed to NF-κB which was almost exclusively localized inthe cytoplasm Inthe presence of IL-1, the...